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THE AMERICAN 

Standard of Excellence. 



AS REVISED BY THE 



POULTRY FANCIERS OF AMERICA, 



AT THEIR CONVENTION HELD IN 

NEW YORK, Feb., 187a. 

GIVING A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE 
KNOWN VARIETIES OF FOWLS. 



Containing; an Essay on Breeding Prize Birds for ExMMtion. 




BBC. SKC'Y OF THE CONN. STATE POULTBY SOCIETY. 



HARTFORD, CONN.: 

Wm. 3HE- IjooIsl^v^oocS.- 

1871. 



SF 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1871^ 

By William H. Lockwood, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 






PKEFAOE 



An American Standard of Excellence has long been 
needed in this country, and in presenting this work to the 
public the compiler does not pretend that it is the work of 
experience altogether, but the combined wisdom of the 
poultry fanciers of America, and he believes that he is sus- 
tained by them. 

The Connecticut State Poultry Society adopted the fol- 
lowing resolution at their Annual meeting, February 21st, 
1871 :— 

Resolved, That the Society adopt the Standard of Ex- 
cellence as revised by the Convention assembled in New 
York, Feb. 15th and 16th, and published by William H. 
Lockwood, as their standard. 

Respectfully, 

W. H. L. 




A. 


The Comb. 


B. 


" Face. 


C. 


" Ear Lobe. 


D. 


" Wattles. 


E. 


" Hackle. 


F. 


« Wing Bow. 


G. 


" Breast. 


H. 


" Wing Coverts. 


I. 


« " Secondaries 



J. 


The Wing Primauies. 


K. 


« Hock. 


L. 


" Eluff. 


M. 


» Thigh. 


N. 


" Leg. 


0. 


" Tail Coverts. 


P. 


" Tail. 


R. 


« Sickle Feathers. 


S. 


" Saddle Feathers, 



Breeding Prize Fowls. 




HERE have "been so many and such bare-faced 
frauds and deceptions practiced, and extravagant 
statements made by unprincipled persons inter- 
ested in the sale of fancy poultry, that we are not 
at all surprised that many of our honest-minded farmers 
look on the whole thing as a stupendous fraud and unmit- 
igated humbug, and cannot be induced to embark in the 
enterprise of breeding any other than the old and well 
known, and often really good specimens, of common barn- 
yard fowls. 

The reason for this is largely clue to the practice many 
of our breeders have of selling disqualified birds, a prac- 
tice which cannot be too severely condemned. Every 
breeder should make it a rule never to allow any but a 
first-class fowl to leave his yard alive. Far better is it to 
send them "to pot" than, for the sake of a few dollars, 
dispose of birds that are not up to the standard, for un- 
principled persons have secured such birds and advertised 
far and wide that they have specimens of so-and-so's cele- 
brated strain, and put off worthless fowls to honest men, 
who, when they find that the produce of a pair of birds 



6 THE AMERICAN 

which may have cost them ten or twenty dollars are no 
better than common barn-yard chicks which he would 
gladly sell for fifty cents each, naturally conclude that it is 
a first-class imposition, and lose all confidence in the 
stories told of the real excellence and superiority of pure- 
bred fowls. 

"Honesty is the best policy" in this as well as in all 
other kinds of business, and the breeder who has a reputa- 
tion for keeping and selling pure stock that can be relied 
on, and will fill an order by letter with as careful attention 
as he would if the purchaser were present, will have little 
trouble in disposing of what birds or eggs he may have to 
spare. 

We propose to briefly give a few hints on the rearing 
and management of poultry for exhibition ; and first, it is 
supposed that any one about to engage in the business, 
either on a large or small scale, has suitable accommoda- 
tions for the number and kind of fowls he desires to raise. 
We know that pure-bred poultry can be raised with great 
satisfaction, and also be made to pay in dollars and cents ; 
but much must depend upon the facilities, experience, and 
knowledge which the person has who undertakes it, and 
more upon the breed which he chooses to commence with. 
As in other business, one may fail where another will suc- 
ceed, when, so far as advantages are concerned, neither 
can be said to be the better ; but one has energy, foresight^ 
and a natural love of the work, while the other may not 
have any taste in this direction, or an eye that will enable 
him to recognize the fine points that the other will readily 
perceive. 

It is necessary, to ensure success in rearing pure-bred 



STANtoAM) OF EXCELLENCE. 7 

poultry, that a place be provided where fowls may be kept 
entirely separate from other varieties, and also so that a 
few extra fine ones may be separated from the rest of the 
flock. It is practically established that the conditions of 
the greatest productiveness require that only a limited 
number of fowls shall be kept together in confinement, in 
order to get the best results from them, and the most eco- 
nomical way is, to have but one breed or variety on any 
one place. To house several varieties in one locality, and 
provide separate runs for them, enclosing sufficient area to 
enable them to thrive, requires an outlay for buildings, for 
fencing, and for real estate, which, added to the cost of 
good birds, will show any reflective person that the estab- 
lishing of a poultry farm for blooded stock requires con- 
siderable capital. The labor of feeding and caring for a 
large number of fowls in separate runs is very great, and 
has to be charged directly against the fowls in making any 
estimate for profit. They also require much watching to 
see that the varieties do not run together through some ac- 
cident, to discover the first signs of incipient disease, and 
if of a contagious nature to prevent it from spreading. 
This watchfulness and care cannot be delegated to any but 
a person who takes great interest in the fowls, and in a 
large poultry-breeding establishment any relaxation of it 
will be followed by disaster. A well organized poultry 
farm requires as much of system in its management as a 
factory. When we take into consideration the interest on 
the capital invested, the amount paid for food and labor, it 
will be seen that the prices of blooded poultry must rule 
considerably above common stock to pay for its keeping, 
while to make the business remunerative, the breeder will 



8 THE AMERICAN 

require for his birds the prices which now astonish so many 
that are only accustomed to barn-yard fowls. Good birds 
will continue to command good prices, and if it be practi- 
cable to breed poultry on a large scale, it will probably 
prove remunerative. 

To obtain any marked success in poultry exhibition it is 
necessary that the scientific theory of breeding should be 
clearly understood, if he desire by his own exertion to 
make any improvement in the work he undertakes ; for he 
is a poor poultry-breeder who is content to let his favorite 
variety remain exactly as he found it, without any attempt 
to improve its beauty or actual value ; an intelligent mind 
is necessary to success, and one should have a definite ob- 
ject before him, and not rest satisfied until that object is 
attained. 

We understand by the term pure bred, a bird that re- 
produces its own likeness true to form and feather. (With 
one exception games may be bred and throw different 
colored feathers, and still be game.) By breeding from 
birds which show any marked feature, stock is obtained of 
which a portion will possess that feature in an increased 
degree ; and by again selecting the best specimens, the 
special points desired may be developed to almost any de- 
gree. Any peculiarity of constitution, 'such as constant 
laying, or frequent inclination to sit, or the reverse, may 
be developed and perpetuated, by taking time and giving 
care and attention. In fact, within certain limits there are 
hardly any bounds to what may be effected by the scientific 
experimentalist. We see no reason, and have no doubt, 
that by careful selection and perseverance a breed of any 
desired color might in a few years be produced combining 



STAJVOARQ OF EXCELLENCE. 9 

the excellent flavor of the La Fleche, the prolificacy of 
the White Leghorn, and the hardihood of the Cochin, the 
cocks of which would weigh 20 and the hens 15 pounds 
each. But to obtain such a result it must be systemati- 
cally sought. 

It is folly for any one to commence " poultry fancying" 
with inferior fowls, and great care should be exercised, if 
the person is unacquainted with the points of a fine fowl, 
to buy only of reliable breeders, men who are well known 
and who have a reputation to sustain ; such men usually 
charge a good price for their stock it is true, but then the 
stock will be good, which is by far the most important 
point. It is important to know that the cock is not related 
to his hens ; and there should be a year's difference in their 
ages ; the strongest and healthiest birds are produced from 
a cock a year old mated with a hen two years old. There 
is only one objection to this, and that is, where prize birds 
are bred and it is desired to get a larger number of pullets 
than cocks ; thus mated there will generally be a much 
larger number of the latter, on this account some breeders 
prefer a cock two and the pullets one year old. We do 
not claim that this rule is unfailing, or that good chicks 
cannot be got where both parents are of an age ; in this 
case both should be fully one year old. 

Pullets are good for breeding up to four years of age, 
though the chicks are not apt to be as healthy and vigorous 
when the mother is of this age ; and when a cock has seen 
two years, unless it is a very fine bird of a rare breed, we 
advise that he go " to pot." It is destruction to breed fron 
members of the same family, or where there are several 
broods in the same yard; to keep on promiscuously inter- 



10 THE AMERICAN 

breeding, is equally so. Great care should be taken where 
a strain has been brought up to a high state of excellence, 
about introducing new blood, and it is no new thing to have 
the entire produce of the year ruined by so doing. The 
most extreme care must be taken when a new cock is thus 
introduced, to ensure that he is of good pedigree as well as 
a perfect specimen in outward appearance of the breed to 
which he belongs. The male bird has the greater influence 
upon the color of his progeny, and upon the comb and 
"fancy points," while the form, size, and useful qualities 
are principally derived from the hen. 

It is very desirable to get as nearly a perfect bird in 
both sexes as possible, but it frequently happens that a 
cock which would not win a prize on account of being un- 
der the standard in point of size and inferior in the show- 
pen, if his color, plumage, and comb are perfect, and he be 
active and lively, he may make a first-class bird for breed- 
ing purposes if mated with good hens ; and a hen may, on 
account of a faulty feather or two, be condemned, when, if 
of good size and shape, she may bring a fine brood which 
will possess the fine points to perfection, or as near it as 
may be. Never breed from either bird when faulty in 
comb, or bad in color, or small in size for the breed, or ill 
shaped, for they will invariably produce chicks of a very 
poor order for exhibition. As a rule the cockerels will 
more resemble the father, while the pullets follow the 
mother ; a knowledge of this fact will save time in "breed- 
ing back" to the original strain, and much disappointment 
in the effect of the cross ; for instance, if it be desired to 
increase the size, a cross with a hen of foreign breed should 
be employed, and the same if we wish to introduce a more 



STANftAfR® OF EXCELLENCE. 11 

prominent breast, or any other peculiarity of shape ; but 
if it is the plumage which is to be modified, it is the male 
bird which should be introduced. 

We give a brief summary of the manner in which chick- 
ens intended for exhibition should be managed, from the 
egg to the show-room. We have tried it, and know that 
if our directions are followed success will be attained. 

Be sure that your eggs are from a pure breed and new 
laid ; they ought not to be over two weeks old to make 
lively, healthy, vigorous chicks. If they are a month old 
it will not pay to raise them, if your object is to raise birds 
for exhibition. Set the eggs as soon after the 1st of Feb- 
ruary as possible, so as to have them ready for the early 
shows, and do not put over eight eggs under a hen. Six 
chicks when partly grown are as many as an ordinary hen 
can cover and keep them warm during the chilly days of 
March and April. Make the nest by filling a tub or box 
six or eight inches deep with wet earth, hollow out a place 
with the hand suitable for the nest, place chopped straw 
cut in short pieces an inch deep over the earth. Have it 
in a retired place, where neither fowls or persons will mo- 
lest the sitting hen. See that she comes off regularly every 
day for food and drink, with which take care to have a 
good supply within her reach. Whole grain is the best, 
and pure water a requisite ; have a dusting place where 
she can find it, and let her alone the rest of the time. On 
the 21st day, and if the eggs set were all fresh laid, within 
a few hours of each other the chicks will hatch out ; do 
not molest them at all, let nature have its course ; if any 
are too weak to emerge from the shell they will not be 
worth helping, better let them die and have the room for 



12 THE AMERICAN 

those that are strong. When 24 hours old, feed them on 
the nest with equal parts of stale bread, crumbs, and the 
yolk of hard boiled eggs wet with milk ; have a coop pro- 
vided suitable, and put the hen and chicks in it. Have it 
made so as to be secure from storm and wind, and so as to 
allow free egress and ingress to the chicks ; if possible, 
have it near a grass plot, so that the chicks can eat freely 
of grass, which will make them thrive ; feed often, never 
allow any food to remain ; feed the first week oatmeal, 
winch is the best food ; feed a little minced meat each day 
till three weeks old, after this feed Indian meal and pota- 
toes boiled and mashed, with wheaten grits or screenings, 
and a plenty of green food. Never allow them to roost 
until they are at least three months old. Separate the 
poor birds from those you intend for exhibition, and keep 
the cockerels and pullets separate till two weeks before the 
show ; a week before this feed equal parts of buckwheat 
and hemp-seed, or a little linseed meal added to their food 
daily for a week, to give a lustre to the plumage. Add a 
little Douglass' mixture to the drinking-water occasionally, 
and also a little pepper to their food as often as once each 
week. Two weeks before the show match up the birds and 
put them in a coop together so that they may get acquaint- 
ed, and watch them awhile to see that they do not quarrel, 
and thus injure each other's plumage ; feed them a' little 
meat daily, as they will peck each others quills sometimes 
to get at the blood in the pith if they are not supplied with 
some kind of animal food. Keep them in a warm, dry 
place, and keep that place scrupulously clean. Give them 
plenty of pure water. It is rarely that birds will be fit for 
exhibition before they are six months old. Great care 



STAN<bA<R<b OF EXCELLENCE. 13 

should be taken to prevent the pullets from laying, as this 
always stops the growth ; accordingly, the food should not 
be of too stimulating a kind. If they have been properly 
and systematically fed from the shell till they are fit for 
showing, they will be in as good condition as they ought to 
be. If it is necessary to bring them to obesity, it can be 
done by giving thern, two or three times a day, as much 
soft food as they can eat; but this is not desirable, and 
ought not to be allowed, for it entirely destroys their use- 
fulness for breeding, as the eggs, which are rarely laid by 
a very fat hen, will produce delicate, sickly chicks. What 
we consider good condition is such an amount of flesh as 
can be carried consistently with perfect health and fecund- 
ity, combined with clean, well-ordered plumage. In match- 
ing a coop, the color of the legs, eyes, and plumage should 
correspond, and the combs and general proportion be alike, 
Look for defects, for the beauty will be apparent. If the 
fowls are soiled, instead of washing cover the bottom of 
the coop six inches with clean, white sand, and they will 
clean themselves better than you can with water, and not 
injure their plumage. 

We do not know that we can add anything more that 
will be useful. Much must be learned by experience, for 
which no written directions can be substituted ; neverthe- 
less, we hope that what we have said may prove of service 
in guiding the reader through the perhaps hitherto untried 
ordeal of raising fowls for exhibition. If so, we are con- 
tent. 



14 THE AMERICAN 



Description of Breeds. 



BRAHMAS. 



GENERAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Beak. Very strong, taper and well curved. 

Comb. Pea, small, low in front and firm on the head 
without falling over to either side, distinctly divided so as 
to have the appearance of three small combs joined together 
in the lower part and back, the largest in the middle, each 
part slightly and evenly serrated. 

Head. Small and slender. 

Eye. Prominent and bright. 

Deaf Ear. Large and pendant. 

Wattles. Small, well rounded on the lower edge. 

Neck. Long, neatly curved, slender near the head, the 
juncture very distinct, hackle full and abundant, flowing 
well on the shoulders. 

Breast. Very full, broad and round; carried well 
forward. 

Back. Short, broad, flat betwixt the shoulders, saddle 
feathers very abundant. 

Wings. Small ; the primaries doubled well under the 
secondaries ; the points covered by the saddle feathers. 

Tail. Small ; carried very upright, the higher feathers 
spreading out laterally. 



STAN<bA<k<b OF EXCELLEJJCE. 15 

Tail Coverts. Broad, very abundant, soft, and curved 
over the tail. 

Thighs. Very large and strong ; abundantly covered 
with very soft fluffy feathers, curving inward round the hock 
so as to hide the joint from view. Vulture hocks, that is, 
those with hard, stiff feathers projecting in a straight line 
beyond the joint, are objectionable, but not a disqualifica- 
tion. 

Fluff. Very abundant and soft, covering the hind 
parts, and standing out about the thighs, giving the bird a 
very broad and deep appearance behind. 

Legs. Rather strong and large; standing well apart, 
very abundantly feathered down the outside to the end of 
the toes. 

Toes. Straight and strong ; the outer and middle toe 
being abundantly feathered. 

Carriage. Very upright and strutting. 

THE HES. 

Beak. Strong, curved and taper. 

Comb. Pea, very small and low, placed in front of the 
head, and having the appearance of three very small ser- 
rated combs pressed together, the largest in the middle. 

Head. Small and slender. 

Eye. Prominent and bright. 

Deaf Ear. Large and pendant. 

"V\ attles. Small, rounded on the lower edge. 

Neck. Rather short, neatly curved, slender near the 
head, the juncture very distinct, full and broad in the lower 
part ; the feathers reaching well on to the shoulders. 

Breast. Very deep, round, broad, and prominent. 



1G THE AM E(RI CAN 

Back. Broad and short; the feathers of the neck 
reaching to betwixt the shoulders, and abundance of soft, 
broad feathers rising to the tail. 

Wings. Small ; the bow covered by the breast feath- 
ers, the primaries doubled well under the secondaries, the 
points of the wings clipped well into the abundance of soft 
feathers and fluff. 

Tail. Small ; very upright, almost buried in the soft 
rump feathers. 

Thighs. Strong and well covered with very soft feath- 
ers, curving round the hock so as to hide the joint from 
view. Vulture hocks are objectionable, but not a disquali- 
fication. 

Fluff. Very abundant and soft, standing out about the 
hind parts and thighs, giving the bird a very broad and 
deep appearance behind. 

Legs. Short, very strong, wide apart, abundantly feath- 
ered on the outside to the toes. 

Toes. Straight and strong, the outer and middle toe 
being well feathered. 

Carriage. Low in comparison to the cock. 



Dark or Penciled Brahmas. 



COLOR OF COCK. 



Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 
Head. White. 

Neck, Hackle. Silvery white, striped with black. 
Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Black, 
slightly mottled with white. 



STANbAWD OF EXCELLENCE. 17 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Silvery white. 

Saddle. Silvery white, striped with black. 

Wing Bow. Silvery white. 

" Greater, and Lesser Wing Coverts. Me- 
tallic green black, forming a wide, well-defined bar across 
the wing. 

Wing Secondaries. White on the outside web, black 
on the inside web, large green black spot on the end of 
the feathers. 

Wing Primaries. Narrow edging of white on the out- 
side web, black on the inside web. 

Tail. Black. 

Tail Coverts. Rich green black, lesser coverts edged 
with white. 

Legs. Scales yellow, feathers black, mottled with white. 

COLOK OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Rich bright 
red. 

Head. Grey. 

Neck. Silvery white, striped with black. 

Remainder of the Plumage. Dull white, minutely 
and distinctly penciled throughout with dark penciling, so 
close as almost to cover the ground color, the penciling 
reaching well up the front of the breast. 

Legs. Scales yellow, with a dusky shade. 



Light Brahmas. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Rich bright 
red. 



18 THE AMERICAN 

Head. White. 

Neck. White, with a distinct black stripe down the 
center of each feather. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. White. 

Back, and Shoulder Coverts. White. 

Saddle. White. 

Wing Bow, and Coverts. White. 

Wing Primaries. Black. 

Wing Secondaries. White on outside web, black on 
inside web. 

Tail. Black. 

Tail Coverts. Glossy green black; lesser coverts 
silvered on the edge. 

Legs. .Scales bright yellow; feathers white, slightly 
mottled with black. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Head. White. 

Neck. White, distinctly striped down the middle of 
each feather with rich black. 

Breast and Back. White. 

Wing. White, the primaries above being black. 

Tail. Black, the two highest or dock-feathers edged 
with white. 

Thighs and Fluff. White. 

Legs. Bright rich yellow ; feathers white, slightly mot- 
tled with black. 

POINTS IN BRAHMAS. 

Size, - - - - - - 20 

Color, 25 



STJJS0J®® OF EXCELLENCE. 19 

Head, - - - - - 5 

Comb, - - - - - 5 

Wings, primaries well tucked under secondaries, 10 

Legs and featherings, 5 

Fluff, 5 

Symmetry, - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN BRAHMAS. 

Birds not matching in the pen, combs not uniform in the 
pen, or falling over to one side, crooked backs, twisted 
feathers in wings, legs not feathered to the toes, vulture 
hocks are particularly objectionable, legs of any other color 
except yellow, or dusky yellow. 



COCHINS, 



GENEEAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Comb. Single, fine, rather small, perfectly straight and 
upright, with well-defined serrations, and quite free from 
side sprigs. 

Beak. Curved, stout at the base and tapering to the 
point. 

Head Small for the size of the bird, and carried 
rather foward. 

Eye. Very bright and clear. 

Deaf Ear. Large and pendant. 

Wattles. Large, well rounded on the lower edge. 



20 THE AMERICAN 

Neck. Hackle very full and abundant, the lower part 
reaching well on to the back, so as to produce a gradual 
slant from near the head to the middle of the back. 

Back. Broad, with a gentle rise from the middle to the 
tail ; saddle feathers very abundant. 

Wings. Very small ; the primaries doubled well under 
the secondaries, so as to be quite out of sight when the 
wing is closed. 

Tail. Very small; the curved feathers numerous, 
broad, glossy, and soft; the whole tail forming a small 
hunch, carried rather horizontally than upright. 

Breast. Deep, broad, and full. 

Thighs. Very large and strong; plentifully covered 
with perfectly soft feathers, which on the lower part should 
be curved inward round the hock, so as nearly to hide the 
joint from view. Vulture hocks are objectionable, but not 
a disqualification. 

Fluff. Very abundant and soft, covering the hind part 
and standing out about the thighs. 

Legs. . Rather short ; very thick and bony, wide apart, 
well feathered on the outside to the toes. 

Toes. Straight and strong ; the outer and middle toes 
being well feathered. 

Carriage. Not so upright as other breeds, with a con- 
tented, intelligent appearance. 

THE HEN. 

Comb. Single, very small, fine, low in front, erect and 
perfectly straight ; with small and well-defined serrations. 
Beak. Small, curved, and tapering. 
Head. Very small, neat, and taper. 



STANfiAfci) OF EXCELLENCE. 21 

Eye. Very bright and clear. 

Deaf Ear. Rather large. 

Wattles. Small, neatly rounded on the lower edge. 

Neck. Short ; carried forward, the lower part very full 
and broad ; the feathers reaching well on to the back. 

Back. Broad, with abundance of soft feathers rising 
from the middle of the back to the tail. 

Winos. Very small ; primaries doubled well under the 
secondaries, so as to be quite out of sight when the wing is 
closed ; bow of the wings neatly covered by the breast 
feathers, and the points sunk well into the fluff. 

Tail. Very short and small ; carried horizontally and 
almost hidden in soft feathers. 

Breast. Broad and full, carried low. 

Thighs. Large, abundantly covered with soft, fluffy 
feathers, curving inward around the hock, so as to nearly 
hide the joint from view. Vulture hocks are objectionable, 
but not a disqualification. 

Fluff. , Very soft and abundant, covering the hind 
parts, and standing out about the thighs, giving to the bird 
a very deep and broad appearance behind. 

Legs. Short, thick, and bony ; standing wide apart, and 
well feathered on the outside to the toes. 

Toes. Strong and straight, the outer and middle toes 
well feathered. 

Carriage. Low, with a contented, intelligent appear- 



Buff Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant 
red. 



22 THE AMERICAN 

Head. Rich clear buff. 

Hackle, Back, Wings, and Saddle. Rich, deep, 
golden buff; the more uniform and even in color the bet- 
ter ; quite free from mealiness on the wing. 

Breast, Thighs, and Fluff. Uniform clear, deep 
bluff; as free from mottling or shading as possible. 

Tail. Rich, dark chestnut, or bronzy chestnut mixed 
with black. Dark chestnut preferable. 

Legs. Bright yellow ; feathers clear, deep buff. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Plumage. Uniformly clear, deep buff throughout ; the 
more uniformly clear and free from mottling or shading, 
the better. A clear hackle preferred, but a slight marking 
at the end of the feathers of the neck not a disqualifica- 
tion. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with feathers same color as body 
feathers. 



Lemon Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Head. Lemon, or light orange buff. 

Hackle, Back, Wings, and Saddle. Rich, light 
orange buff; the more uniformly clear and even in color, 
the better ; as free as possible from mealy tinge on the 
wings. 

Breast, Thighs, and Fluff. Clear, uniform lemon 
buff. 



STAN^AR® OF EXCELLENCE. 23 

Tail. Rich chestnut. 

Legs. Bright yellow , feathers lemon buff. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Plumage. Clear lemon buff; uniform and even in 
color throughout, and perfectly free from being mottled or 
shaded in any part. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with feathers same color as body 
feathers. 

In Buff and Lemon Cochins the colors may be either as 
above, or intermediate betwixt the two ; but the colors 
must be even and as free from mottling or shading as pos- 
sible. The birds must also match in the pen. 



Silver Buff Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Head. Light, silvery buff. 

Hackle. Rich, gold color. 

Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Wings. Bright sil- 
very buff; the more even and uniform in color the better. 

Saddle. Rich gold color. 

Breast, Thighs, and Fluff. Clear, light silvery buff. 

Tail. Light chestnut ; a slight mixture of white not 
objectionable, though not desirable. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with silvery buff feathers. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 



24 THE AMERICAN 

Hackle. Rich gold color. 

Remainder of Plumage. Clear, light silvery buff; 
the more even and uniform in color, the better. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with feathers same color as body 
feathers. 



Silver Cinnamon Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Head. Pale light cinnamon. 

Hackle. Cinnamon, or rich bright cinnamon, slightly 
striped with white. 

Back, Shoulders, and Wings. Pale buff, or rich 
bright cinnamon, mixed with white. 

Saddle. Light cinnamon, or rich bright cinnamon, 
slightly striped with white. 

Breast, Thighs, and Fluff. Pale buff. 

Tail. Rich light cinnamon, or rich bright cinnamon, 
mixed with white. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with feathers of a pale buff color. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliantred. 

Hackle. Rich, deep cinnamon or chocolate. 

Remainder qf Plumage. Pale buff; the more uni- 
form and even in color, the better. 

Legs. Bright yellow, feathers same color as body 
feathers. 



STANOAfR® OF EXCELLENCE. 25 

Cinnamon Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Head, Hackle, Back, Wings, and Saddle. Rich, 
dark reddish cinnamon ; the more uniform and even in 
color, the better. 

Breast, Thighs, and Fluff. The color of wetted cin- 
namon. 

Tail. Rich bronzy black, the lesser coverts e:lged with 
very dark reddish cinnamon. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with feathers color of the breast 
feathers. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Plumage. The color of wetted cinnamon, or deep 
chocolate throughout ; the more uniform in color and free 
from being mottled, the better. 

Legs. Bright yellow, with feathers same color as body 
feathers. 

POINTS IN BUFF, LEMON, SILVER BUFF, SILVER CINNAMON, AND 
CINNAMON COCHINS. 

Size, - - - - - - 20 

Color, ----- 25 

Head, 5 

Comb, • - - - - 5 

Wings, 10 

Legs, ----- 5 

Fluff, 5 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 



26 THE AMERICAN 



DISQUALIFICATIONS IN BUFF, LEMON, SILVER BUFF, SILVER CIN- 
NAMON, AND CINNAMON COCHINS. 

Birds not matching in the pen, or with primary wing 
feathers twisted or turned outside the wing, twisted combs, 
crooked backs, birds without feathers on the legs, vulture 
hocks are particularly objectionable, legs of any other color 
than yellow. 

Grouse or Partridge Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Rich brilliant 
red. 

Head. Rich red. 

Hackle. Rich bright red, with a rich black stripe 
down the middle of each feather. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Rich dark red. 

Wing- Bow. 'Rich dark red. 

Wing- Greater, and Lesser Coverts. Metallic 
greenish black, forming a wide bar across the wings. 

Wing Primary Quills. Bay on outside web, dark on 
inside web. 

Wing Secondary Quills. Rich bay on the outside 
web, black on the inner web, with a metallic black end to 
each feather. 

Saddle. Rich bright red, with a black stripe down the 
middle of each feather. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Rich 
deep black. 

Tail. Glossy black. White at the base of the feathers 
objectionable, but not a disqualification. 

Legs. Dusky yellow, with black feathers. 



STAN(DA(R(b OF EXCELLENCE. 27 

Grouse Cochins. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Head. Rich brown. 

Neck. Rich reddish gold color, with a broad black 
stripe down the middle of the feathers. 

Remainder of the Plumage. Rich brown, distinctly 
penciled with darker brown ; the penciling reaching well 
up the front of the breast, and following the outline of the 
feathers. 

Legs. Dusky yellow, with feathers same color as the 
body feathers. 



Partridge Cochins. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 

Neck. Bright gold color on the edge of the feathers, 
with a broad, black stripe down the middle. 

Remainder of the Plumage. Light brown distinctly 
penciled with dark brown ; the penciling to reach well 
up the front of the breast. The shaft of the feathers on 
the back, shoulder coverts, bow of the wing, and sides, 
creamy white. 

Legs. Dusky yellow, with brown feathers. 

POINTS IN GROUSE OR PARTRIDGE COCHINS. 

Size, - - , - - - 20 

Black breast, thighs, fluff and leg feathers, in the 
Cock. Breast of the Hen distinctly penciled up 
the front, - - - - - 15 



28 THE AMERICAN 

Color of the remaining plumage, - - 10 

Head, - - - - - 5 

Comb, ----- 5 

Carriage of wings, - - - - 10 

Legs, - - - - 5 

Fluff, 5 

Symmetry, - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN GROUSE OR PARTRIDGE COCHINS. 

Birds not matching in the pen, cocks with mottled breast, 
hens with pale buff or clay breast without penciling, 
twisted combs, flight feathers twisted in wing, crooked 
backs, vulture hocks are particularly objectionable, absence 
of feathers on the legs. 



White Cochins. 

COLOR OP COCK AND HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 
Plumage. Pure white throughout. The cock as free 
from yellow tinge as possible. 
Legs. Bright yellow. 



Black Cochins. 

COLOR OF COCK AND HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Brilliant red. 
Plumage. Perfectly black throughout. The cock as 
free from coppery red or brassy color as possible. 
Legs. Dark, with yellow tinge, and black feathers. 



ST AN® Afc® OF EXCELLENCE. 29 

POINTS IN WHITE OR BLACK COCHINS. 

Size, - - - - - - 20 

Color of plumage — Purity of white in the whites, 



and richness of black in the blacks, - 


- 25 


Head, - 


5 


Comb, - 


• - 5 


Carriage of wings, - 


10 


Legs, - 


- 5 


Fluff, 


5 


Symmetry, - - 


- 15 


Condition, - 


10 



100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN WHITE OR BLACK COCHINS. 

Twisted combs, crooked backs, flight feathers turned or 
twisted outside the wing ; birds not feathered in the legs ; 
vulture hocks are particularly objectionable ; scales on the 
legs of the whites, either green or yellow. 



CHITTAGONGS, 





GENERAL SHAPE. 




THE COCK. 


Back. 


Strong and taper. 


Comb. 


Single, erect and firm on the head, without fall 


ing over ; 


medium size and distinctly serrated. 


Head. 


Large. 


Eye. 


Prominent, bold, and bright. 


Deaf-^ 


Ear. Large and pendant. 



30 THE AMERICAN 

"Wattles. Large and well rounded on lower edge. 

Neck. Long, well curved, hackle full and long. 

Breast. Full and broad. 

Back. A little longer than the Brahmas, and not as 
broad ; saddle feathers abundant. 

Wings. Medium size, well doubled under, and points 
covered by saddle feathers. 

Tail. Small, carried upright, with the higher feathers 
more curved than the Brahmas. 

Thighs. Large and strong, well covered with soft fluffy 
feathers. 

Fluff. Full and soft, but not as heavy as in the Co- 
chins. 

Legs. Rather long, strong, and perfectly clean of feath- 
ers. 

Toes. Straight and strong. 

Carriage. Very upright and strutting. 

THE HEN. 

Beak. Strong and taper. 

Comb. Single, small, and distinctly serrated. 

Head. Medium size. 

Eye. Prominent and bright. 

Deaf-ear. Large and pendant. 

Wattles. Small in proportion to the cock, and well 
rounded. 

Neck. Rather long, well curved, with full hackle. 

Breast. Full and broad. 

Back. Rather long, the neck feathers flowing well 
over the shoulders, and saddle feathers quite full. 

Wings. Medium size, well doubled, and bow and tip 
covered by breast and saddle feathers. 



STAN4)A(R® OF EXCELLENCE. 31 

Tail. Small, carried upright, and rather pointed. 

Thighs. Strong, and well covered with fluffy feathers. 

Fluff. Abundant and soft, but rather close fitting 
about the hind part and thighs. 

Legs. Rather long, strong, and perfectly free from 
feathers. 

Toes. Straight, long, and strong. 

Carriage. Upright and pleasing. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Head. White. 

Neck. White, with a golden tinge ; hackle distinctly 
penciled with black. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. White. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. White. 

Saddle. White or golden white, slightly penciled. 

Wing Bow. White. 

Wing Greater and Lesser Coverts. White, with 
golden tinge. 

Wing Primaries. Edged with black and white. 

Wing Secondaries. White on outside web, black on 

inside. 

Tail. Metallic black. 

Tail Coverts. Glossy green black, with white edg- 
ings. 

Legs. Bright yellow. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 
Head. White. 

Neck. White, with each feather distinctly penciled 
with black. 



32 THE AMERICAN 

Saddle. White, striped with black. 

Wing Primaries. Black, with white edging. 

Wing Secondaries. White. 

Breast and Back. White. 

Tail. Black, with occasionally dock feathers white edged. 

Thighs and Fluff. White. 

Legs. Bright yellow. 

POINTS IN CHITTAGONGS : 

Size, - - - -• -20 

Color, 25 

Head, - - - - - 5 

Comb, ----- 5 

Wings, - - - - - 10 

Legs clean and smooth, 5 

Fluff, - - - - - -5 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN CHITTAGONGS. 

Birds not matching in the pens, combs not uniform or 
falling to one side, crooked backs, twisted feathers in wings, 
legs not perfectly clean of feathers, vulture hocks are par- 
ticularly objectionable, legs other color than bright yellow. 

DORKINGS. 
GENERAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Beak. Rather short and stout. 

Comb. Either single . or rose ; if single, erect, straight, 
serrated, free from side sprigs ; if rose-combed, square in 



STAN<bA<R<D OF EXCELLENCE. 33 

front, straight on the head, without hollow in the middle, 
large peak behind, inclining very slightly upwards. 

Head. Neat. 

Wattles. Broad, stout, rounded on the lower edge. 

Neck. Very taper and well hackled. 

Breast. Very deep, broad and full ; breast bone long. 

Body. Large, deep, compact, and plump, the back, belly, 
breast, and behind forming almost a square. 

Back. Very broad. 

Wings. Large. 

Tail. Very large, expanded, feathers broad and carried' 
well up. 

Sickle Feathers, and Tail Coverts. Long, broad, 
sound, and well arched. 

Thighs. Short, stout, and straight. 

Legs. Straight, short, stout, clean, and perfectly free 
from feathers, spurred on the inside. 

Feet. Five-toed, the extra or supernumerary toe well 
developed, distinctly separated from the others and inclin- 
ing upwards. 

Carriage and Appearance. Noble, bulky, and grand. 

THE HEN. 

Beak. Rather short. 

Comb. If single, to be well developed, and falling over 
one side of the face ; if rose, square in front, straight on 
the head, peak behind, inclining slightly upwards. 

Wattles. Broad, rounded on the lower edge. 

Head. Neat. 

Neck. Short and taper. 

Breast. Very deep, broad, and full. 



34 THE AMERICAN 

Body. Large, compact, plump, and deep. 
Back. Broad. 
Wings. Large. 

Tail. Large, expanded, the feathers broad. 
Thighs. Short and stout. 
Legs. Short, straight, thick, and strong. 
Feet. Five-toed, the extra toe well developed, dis- 
tinctly separated from the others, and inclining upwards. 
Carriage and Appearance. Bulky. 



Silver-Grey Dorkings. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Head and Neck Hackle. Clear white. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Rich 
glossy black. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Silvery white. 

Saddle. Cle^r white. 

Wing Bow. Silvery white. 

Wing Coverts. Metallic green black, forming a wide 
bar across the wing. 

Wing Primaries. White on the outside edge of the 
outer web, black on the inside web. 

Wing Secondaries. Clear white on the outside web, 
black on the inside web, and also on the end of the feathers. 

Tail. Rich Black. 

Sickle Feathers. Rich metallic green black. 

Tail Coverts. Rich metallic green black, the lesser 
ones silvered on the edge. 



STANpA<M) OF EXCELLENCE. 35 

Legs. White, with a flesh-colored tinge betwixt the 
scales. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Head. Silvery or ashy grey. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Neck. Silvery white, striped with black. 

Breast. Salmon red, shading off to grey toward the 
sides. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Silvery or slaty grey, 
free from dark bars or marks across the feathers ; shaft of 
feathers white. 

Wing Bow. Silvery or slaty grey ; shaft of feathers 
white. Any tendency to red on the wings is highly ob- 
jectionable. 

Coverts and Flights. Slaty grey. 

Tail. Dark grey ; inside approaching black. 

Thighs. Ashy grey. 

Legs. White, with a flesh-colored tinge betwixt the 
scales. 

POINTS IN SILVER-GREY DORKINGS. 

Size, - - - - - - 20 

Color, ... 20 

Head, - 7 

Comb, - - - - 6 

Legs, Feet, and Toes, - - - - 15 

Symmetry, ----- 20 

Condition, - - - - - 12 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SILVER-GREY DORKINGS. 

Birds without the fifth toe, or with crooked backs, wry 



36 THE AMERICAN 

tails, combs not uniform in the pen, white in cock's breast 
or tail, legs of any color except white. 



White Dorkings. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich red. 
The whole of the plumage in both cock and hen pure 
white ; the more free from yellow tinge the better. 
Legs. White. 

POINTS IN WHITE DORKINGS. 

Size, - - - - - - 26 

Purity of Plumage, - - - 14 

Head, - - - - - - 8 

Comb, - - - 6 

Legs, Peet, and Toes, - - - - 14 

Symmetry, - - - - - 20 

Condition, - - - . - - 12 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

Birds without the fifth toe, or with crooked backs or wry 
tails, combs not uniform in the pen, colored feathers in any 
part of the plumage. 



Colored Dorkings. 

The color of these is not material, provided the birds 
match in the pen. 

POINTS IN COLORED DORKINGS. 

Size, - - - - - - 34 



ST AN® Afc® OF EXCELLENCE. 37 

Head, ----- 8 

Comb, - - - - - 6 

Legs, Feet, and Toes, - - - 14 

Symmetry, - - - - -26 

Condition, - - - - -12 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN COLORED DORKINGS. 

Birds without the fifth toe, or with crooked backs, wry 
tails, combs not matching in the pen, legs of any color ex- 
cept white. 



HAMBUBGS, 



GENERAL SHAPE. 



THE COCK. 

Beak. Medium size. 

Comb. Double, not so large as to overhang the eyes or 
beak, square in front, fitting close and straight on the head, 
without inclining to either side, no hollow in the center, 
uniform on each side, the top covered over with small 
points, with a peak behind, inclining very slightly upwards. 

Head, Rather short and small. 
■ Eye. Full and quick. . 

Deaf Ear. Not pendant, but fitting close to the face, 
flat, of medium size, round, and even on the surface. 

Wattles. Broad, thin, and well rounded on the lower 
edge. 

Neck. Taper, the higher part carried well over the 
back, hackle full, the lower part flowing well on to the 
shoulders. 



38 THE AMERICAN 

Breast. Round, foil, and prominent, carried well for- 
ward. 

Back. Short, well furnished with saddle feathers. 

Wings. Ample, points carried rather low. 

Tail. Full, expanded, sickle feathers well curved. 

Thighs. Short and neat. 

Legs. Slender, rather short, very neat and taper. 

Plumage. Rich and glossy. 

Carriage. Upright and strutting, graceful, quick, and 
restless. 

THE HEN. 

Beak. Rather small. 

Comb. Same shape as that of the cock, but very much 
less ; smaller in the penciled than in the spangled varieties. 

Head. Small and very neat. 

Eye. Full and very quick. 

Deaf Ear. Small, flat, rounded in the lower part, fit- 
ting close to the face, and not pendant. 

Wattles. Small and thin, rounded on the lower edge. 

Neck. Taper and very graceful. 

Breast. Broad, plump, and carried forward. 

Back. Rather short, but not so much so in appearance 
as in the cock. 

Wings. Ample, carried very neatly to the body. 

Tail. Full, expanded, and well carried. 

Thighs. Short and neat. 

Legs. Very slender, neat, and taper. 

Plumage. Close and glossy. 

Carriage. Graceful, quick, and restless. 



STAM(t>A<R<b OF EXCELLENCE. 39 



Golden Penciled Hamburg's. 

COLOR OP COCK. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich red. 

Deaf Ear. Pure opaque white, free from red on the 
edge. 

Head and Hackle. Clear reddish bay. 

Back, Saddle, Bow of the Wing, Shoulder, and 
Wing Coverts. Rich, deep reddish bay. 

Flight. Reddish bay on the outside web, black on the 
inside web. 

Secondaries. Reddish bay on the outside web, the in- 
side web penciled across with broad black marks, each 
feather ending with a rich black spot. 

Breast and Thighs. Reddish bay. 

Tail. Black. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Rich black 
down the middle of the feather, the entire length edged 
with bronze, each bronze edge as near one-fourth the width 
of the feather as possible; the more distinct the two colors 
the better. 

Legs. Slaty blue. 

COLOR OP HEN. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich red. 

Deaf Ear. Pure opaque white, free from red on the 
edge. 

Head and Neck. Clear, deep, golden bay. 

Remainder of the Plumage. Clear, deep golden bay, 
free from either lacing or mossing ; each feather (including 
tail feathers) distinctly penciled across with rich black ; the 



40 THE AMERICAN 

penciling not to follow the outline of the feather, but to go 
straight across on each side of the shaft. The two colors 
distinct, well-defined, and not shading into each other. 
Legs. Slaty blue. 



Silver Penciled Hamburgs. 

The same standard will apply to the Silver Penciled 
Hamburgs, substituting a clear, silvery white ground for a 
golden one. The Silver Cock as free as possible from 
yellow tinge. 



Penciled Hamburgs. 

POINTS IN COCKS. 

Comb, 20 

Deaf Ear, - - - - - 15 

Color of Plumage, except tail, sickle feathers, and 

tail coverts, 20 

Color of Tail, Sickle Feathers, and Tail Coverts, 20 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

POINTS IN HEN. 

Comb, - 15 

Deaf' Ear, ----- 15 

Purity of Color in Head and Neck, - - 20 

Purity of Ground Color and accurate and dis- 
tinct penciling in every part except head and 

neck, - - - - 25 



ST AN® Am OF EXCELLENCE. 41 

Symmetry, - . - - ' 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN GOLDEN AND SILVER PENCILED 
HAMBURG S. 

Hen-feathered cocks, crooked backs, wry tails, combs 
single or falling over to one side, red deaf-ears, shanks of 
any other color than bine. » 



Golden Spangled Hamburgs. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich bright red. 

Deaf Ear. Opaque white. 

Head. Deep reddish bay. 

Hackle. Rich, deep, golden bay ; each feather striped 
down the center with rich green black ; each color well de- 
fined, and not clouded. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Golden 
bay, free from mossing, streaking, or lacing, each feather 
ending with a round, large, rich black moon or spangle, the 
moons increasing in size in proportion to the size of the 
feathers. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts, feich, deep, reddish 
bay, distinctly spangled with rich metallic black, the tex- 
ture of the feather giving the spangle a starry or rayed ap- 
pearance. 

Saddle. Rich reddish golden bay, each feather striped 
down the center with rich metallic green black. 

Wing- Bow. Rich reddish golden bay, distinctly span- 
gled with black. 



42 TEE AMERICAN 

Wing Bars. The greater and lesser wing coverts clear 
reddish golden bay, free from lacing, each feather ending 
with a large, round, green-black spangle, forming two dis- 
tinct parallel green-black bars across the wing. 

Wing Primaries. Bay, ending with a black spot. 

Wing Secondaries. Rich golden bay, each feather 
ending with a rich green-black spot. 

Tail. Black. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Rich green 
black. 

Legs. Slaty blue. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich bright red. 

Deaf Ear. Opaque white. 

Head. Golden bay, distinctly tipped with black. 

Neck. Golden bay, each feather distinctly striped down 
the center with rich green-black, the colors distinct, and 
not clouded. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Clear 
golden bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather end- 
ing with a distinct, large, round, rich, green-black moon or 
spangle, the moons increasing in size in proportion to the 
size of the feather v 

Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Rump. Rich, clear, 
golden bay, free from mossing or lacing, each feather end- 
ing with a distinct, large, round, rich green-black spangle. 

Wing Bow. Rich, clear, golden bay, each feather end- 
ing with a distinct, round, rich green-black spangle. 

Wing Bars. Greater and lesser wing coverts, rich ? 
clear golden bay, free from lacing, each feather ending with 



ST AN® Afc® OF EXCELLENCE. 43 

a large, round, rich green-black spangle, forming two dis- 
tinct parallel green-black bars across the wing. 

Wing Primaries. Golden bay, each feather ending 
with a black spangle. 

Wing Secondaries. Golden bay, each feather ending 
with a rich green-black half-moon or crescent-shaped 
spangle. 

Tail. Black. 

Tail Coverts. Golden bay, free from mossing or lac- 
ing, each feather ending with a rich green-black spangle. 

Legs. Slaty blue. 



Silver Spangled Kamburgs. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich bright red. 

Deaf Ear. Opaque white. 

Head. Silvery white. 

Hackle. Silvery white, free from yellow tinge, the 
longest feathers ending with a small black spangle. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Clear 
silvery white, free from lacing or mossing, each feather end- 
ing with a distinct, large, round, rich black moon or spangle, 
the moons increasing in size in proportion to the size of 
the feather. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Pure white, free from 
yellow tinge, distinctly spangled with black, the texture of 
the feather giving the spangle a starry or rayed appearance. 

Saddle. Silvery white, free from yellow, the largest 
feathers ending with a small black spangle. 

Wing Bow. Pure white, distinctly spangled with black 
spangles. 



44 THE AMERICAN 

Wing Bars. The greater and lesser wing coverts sil- 
very white, free from lacing, each feather ending in a large 
green-black moon or spangle, forming two distinct parallel 
black bars across the wing. 

Wing Primaries. Pure white, each feather ending 
with a distinct black spangle. 

Wing Secondaries. Pure white, each feather ending 
in a half-moon-shaped green-black "spot. 

Tail. White on the outside, each feather ending in a 
large black spangle. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. White, each 
feather ending with a rich green-black spangle. 

Legs. Slaty blue. 

COLOK OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich bright red. 

Deaf Ear. Opaque white. 

Head. Silvery white, distinctly spangled with small 
black spangles. 

Neck. Clear silvery white, each feather distinctly 
striped towards the end with rich black, each color well-de- 
fined, and not clouded. 

Breast, Underpart of 'Body, and Thighs. Clear 
silvery white, free from lacing or mossing, each feather end- 
ing with a distinct, large, round, black moon or spangle, 
the moons increasing in size in proportion to the size of 
the feathers. 

Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Rump. Clear silvery 
white, free from mossing or lacing, each feather ending 
with a distinct, large, round, rich green-black moon or 
spangle. 



. 



STANOA(R(t) OF EXCELLENCE. 45 

Wing Bow. Clear silvery white, each feather ending 
with a distinct, round, rich green-black spangle. 

Wing Bars. Greater and lesser wing coverts clear sil- 
very white, free from lacing or mossing, each feather end- 
ing with a large, round, green-black spangle, forming two 
distinct parallel black bars across the wing. 

Wing Primaries. White, each feather ending with a 
distinct black spangle. 

Wing Secondaries. Clear silvery white, each feather 
ending with a large half-moon-shaped green-black spangle, 
termed by some fanciers " lacing on the top of the wing." 

Tail. White on the outside, each feather ending with 
a large, round, black spangle. 

Tail Coverts. Clear silvery white, free from mossing 
or lacing, each feather ending with a distinct, large, round 
green-black spangle. 

Legs. Slaty blue. 

In both Golden and Silver Spangled Hamburgs the hens 
in a pen must match in size of markings and depth of 
color, etc. 

POINTS IN SPANGLED HAMBURG COCKS. 

Comb, - - - - - 15 
Deaf Ear, 10 
Colors and Marking of Head, Hackle, Back, Sad- 
dle, and Tail, - - - - 20 
Breast, Underpart of Body, tind Thighs, - 15 
Wings and Bars, - - - - 15 
Symmetry, - - - - - 15 
Condition, - - - - 10 

100 



46 TEE AMERICAN 



POINTS IN SPANGLED HAMBURG HENS. 

Combs, - - - - - - 15 

Deaf Ear, ----- 15 

Neck most distinctly and evenly striped, - 10 

Remainder of Plumage (except tail in Golden,) 
clearness of ground color, evenness and dis- 
tinctness of spangling, with rich, large, round 

spangles, - - - - . 20 

Bars, ----- 15 

Symmetry, - • - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SPANGLED HAMBUKGS. 

Hen-feathered cocks, crooked backs, wry tails, combs 
single or falling over to one side, red deaf ears, birds with- 
out distinct bars across the wing. Legs of any other color 
than blue. 



Black Hamburgs. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich bright, red; the 
face perfectly free from white. 

Deaf Ear. Pure opaque white ; round and small ; fit- 
ting close to the face ; not pendant. 

Plumage. Very rich glossy green-black. 

Legs. Blue, or dark leaden blue. 

POINTS IN BLACK HAMBURGS. 

Comb, Head, and Face, - - - 25 

Deaf Ear, ----- 15 



STAJJ<DA®t) OF EXCELLENCE. 47 

Plumage, - - - - -25 

Shape, - 25 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN GOLDEN AND SILVER SPANGLED 
HAMBUKGS. 

Combs falling over to one side, or so large as to obstruct 
the sight, red deaf ears, crooked backs, wry tails, or legs 
of any color except blue or dark leaden blue. 



BLACK SPANISH. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Beak. Dark horn color, rather long and stout. 

Comb. Bright red, large, single, stiff, erect, straight, 
free from twists in front or falling over to either side at the 
back, deeply serrated, rising from the beak betwixt the 
fore part of the nostrils, and extending in an arched form 
over the back of the head, free from excresences or side 
sprigs, and not too great thickness at the edge. 

Head. Long, broad, and deep-sided. 

Eyes. Large, the sight perfectly free, and not obstruc- 
ted by the white. 

Face. Pure opaque white, long and deep, the greater 
depth of surface the better, providing it is smooth, free 
from wrinkles, and the sight not obstructed, rising well 
over the eye toward the comb in an arched form, extend- 
ing towards the back of the head and also to the base of 
the beak, covering the cheeks, and joining the ear lobes 
and wattles. 



48 THE AMERICAN 

Ear-lobes. Pure opaque white, very large and pen- 
dant, rather thin, smooth, well expanded, and free from 
folds or wrinkles, extending well on each side of the neck, 
hanging down very low, not pointed, but regularly rounded 
in the lower part, and meeting in front behind the wattles. 

Wattles. Bright red, very long, thin, ribbon-like, and 
pendulous ; the inside of the upper part and skin betwixt, 
white. 

Neck. Long, well hackled. 

Breast. Round, full, and prominent. 

Back Slanting down to the tail. 

Body. Wedge-shaped, narrowing to the tail. 

Wings. Large, carried well up to the body. 

Tail. Large, expanded, and rather upright, but not 
carried over the back, or squirrel-tailed. 

Sickle Feathers. Large and well curved. 

Thighs. Long and slender. 

Legs. Long, dark leaden blue, or blue. 

Plumage. Rice glossy black, having a metallic green 
lustre on the hackle, back, wings, saddle, tail coverts, and 
sickle feathers. 

Carriage. Upright and striking. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SPANISH COCKS. 

Comb. Falling over to one side, or twisted in front over 
the nostrils. 

Face. So puffy as to obstruct the sight ; decided red 
mark above the eye. 

Plumage. Of any other color than black, or metallic 
green black. 

Legs. Of any other color than dark leaden blue, or 
blue. 



STAN®A<R® OF EXCELLENCE. 49 



THE HEN. 

Beak. Dark horn color,. long. 

Comb. Bright red, large, single, serrated, drooping 
over to one side of the face, free from side sprigs or du- 
plicatnre. 

Head. Long and deep. 

Eye. Large. 

Face. Pure opaque white, smooth, and free from wrin- 
kles, with great breadth of surface, rising well over the 
eye in an arched form, extending well towards the back of 
the head and also to the beak, covering the cheek, and 
joining the ear-lobes and wattles. 

Ear-lobe. Pure opaque white, large, pendant, smooth, 
well expanded, free from wrinkles, regularly rounded on 
the lower edge. 

Wattles. Bright red, thin, pendant, and rounded on 
the lower edge. 

Neck. Long and graceful. 

Breast. Round and full. 

Back. Slanting down to the tail. 

Wings. Ample, carried close up to the body. 

Tail. Large, carried rather upright, but not over the 
back, the two highest feathers slightly curved, especially 
in pullets. 

Thighs. Long and slender. 

Legs. Long, dark leaden blue, or blue. 

Plumage. Black, with a reddish metallic lustre on 
the back and wings. 

Carriage. Upright, movement quick. 
3 



50 THE AMERICAN . 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SPANISH HENS. 

Duplicative of comb, comb small and erect (prick- 
combed) ; decided red mark over the eye ; plumage of any 
other color than black, or metallic black ; legs of any other 
color than blue, or dark leaden blue ; birds that are trim- 
med in any part whatever. 



POINTS IN SPANISH FOWLS. 




Comb, - 


- 10 


Face, -'.-..-"„.•' 


20 


Ear Lobe, - - - - 


- 20 


Purity of white face and ear-lobe, - 


15 


Symmetry, - 


. - 15 


Condition of Plumage, - 


- 10 


Size, ... - 


10 




100 


WHITE LEGHORN. 




THE COCK. 





Beak. Bather long and stout. 

Comb. Bright red, large, erect, single, straight, and free 
from twists or falling over to either side, deeply serrated, 
extending well back over the head, and free from side sprigs 
or excrescences. 

Head. Short and deep. 

Eyes, Large and full. 

Face. Bright red, free from wrinkles or folds. 

Ear Lobes. Pure opaque white, rather pendant, thin, 
fitting close to the head, smooth, and free from folds and 
wrinkles. 



STAN<DA<k<b OF EXCELLENCE. 51 

Wattles. Bright red, long, thin, and pendulous. 

Neck. Long, and well hackled. 

Breast. Full, round, and carried well forward. 

Body. Rather square, but heaviest forward. 

Wings. Large, and carried well up. 

Tail. Large and full, carried very upright ; sickle 
feathers large and well curved. 

Thighs. Medium length and rather slender. 

Legs. Long, bright yellow. 

Plumage. Pure white throughout. The neck, hackle, 
and saddle may be tinged with gold or straw color. 

Carriage. Upright and pleasing. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN WHITE LEGHORN COCKS. 

Comb falling over to one side, or twisted ; decided red 
about the face ; plumage any other color than pure white, 
with a golden tinge on neck, hackle, and saddle. 

THE HEN. 

Beak. Rather long and stout. 

Comb. Bright red, large, single, and drooping to one 
side, serrated, and free from side sprigs. 

Head. Short and deep. 

Eyes. Large and full. 

Face. Bright red, free from wrinkles or folds. 

Ear-lobes. Pure opaque white, rather pendant, thin, 
and fitting close to the head, smooth, and free from folds or 
wrinkles. 

Wattles. Bright red, thin, and rounded on lower 
edge. 

Neck. Long and graceful. 

Breast. Full and round. 



52 THE AMERICAN ' 

Body. Deep, broader in front than back. 

Wings. Large, and well tucked up. 

Tail. Large and full, carried very upright ; feathers 
broad. 

Thighs. Rather long and slender. 

Legs. Long, bright yellow. 

Plumage. Pure white, the more free from a yellow 
tinge the better. 

Carriage. Not as upright as the cock. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN WHITE LEGHORN HENS. 

Duplicature of comb, any red about the ear-lobe or face, 
prick-combed plumage the least marked, or any other color 
than white. 

POINTS IN WHITE LEGHORNS. 

Comb, - - - - - 20 

Face and Ear-lobe, 20 

Purity of Plumage, - - - - 20 

Size, ----- 15 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - 10 

100 



Brown Leghorns. 

THE COCK. 

Comb. Same as White Leghorn. 

Legs. Bright yellow. 

Breast. Black splashed with brown. 

Wings. Reddish brown. 

Tail. Large, full, sickle well curved. 



4 

STAN<bA<M) OF EXCELLENCE. 53 

Face. Bright red, free from wrinkles or folds. 

Ear-lobes. Pure opaque, white, rather pendant, 
thin, and close fitting to the head, smooth, and free from 
wrinkles. 

POINTS IN BROWN LEGHORNS. 

Size, - - - - - - 15 

Comb, ----- 20 

Face and Ear-lobe, - - - - 20 

Color of Plumage, 20 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

Legs. Other than yellow,' comb lopping over in cock, 
prick-comb on hen, red deaf-ear, white feathers in any part 
of the plumage. 



POLISH. 
GENEKAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Crest. Composed of feathers similar in texture to the 
hackle, very large, round, close, and well fitted on the 
crown of the head, falling backward, and rather lower on 
the sides than over the beak, but not so low on the sides 
as to prevent the bird from seeing. 

Head. With large protuberance on the top, concealed 
by the large crest. 

Eye. Large, full, and bright. 



% 
54 'THE AMERICAN 

Deaf-ear. Small, even on the surface, rounded on the 
lower edge. 

Wattles. In the unbearded varieties, thin and pendu- 
lous ; in the bearded varieties, none ; the underside of the 
beak and throat being covered with a full, close, muffy 
beard. 

Neck. Medium in length, slightly and neatly curving 
over the back, and well hackled. 

Breast. Deep, full, round, and carried prominently 
forward. 

Back. Perfectly straight, wide betwixt the shoulders, 
and tapering to the tail ; hip bones even. 

Wings. Ample. 

Tail. Large, rather erect, expanded, and well adorned 
with sickle feathers. 

Thighs. Short in the white-crested black, rather long 
in the spangled varieties. 

Legs. Rather short in the white-crested blacks, long 
in the spangled varieties. 

Carriage. Erect. 

THE HEN. 

Crest. Very large, round, straight on the head, not 
inclining to either side ; the surface close, firm, and even. 

Head. Round, the protuberance concealed by the crest. 

Eye. Large full and bright. 

Deaf- ear. Small, even on the surface, and rounded' 
on the lower edge. 

Wattles. In the unbearded varieties, small and thin ; 
in the bearded varieties, none — the throat and underside 
of the beak being covered with a full, close beard. 



STAN<DA<k<b OF EXCELLENCE. 55 

Neck. Rather long and taper. 

Breast. Very full, round, and prominent. 

Back. Straight ; the hip bones even. 

Wings. Ample. 

Tail. Large, expanded, and broad at the ends. 

Thighs. Short in the white-crested black, rather long 
in the spangled varieties. 

Legs. Clean, neat, and taper ; short in the white- 
crested blacks, rather long in the spangled varieties. 

Carriage. Rather upright. 



White-Crested Black Polish. 

COLOR. 

Crest. Pure white, the less black in front the better. 
Deaf Ear. Pure opaque white. 

Remainder of the Plumage. Uniformly rich glossy 
black. 

POINTS IN WHITE-CRESTED BLACK POLISH. 

Size of Crest, - - - - - 20 

Shape " - - - - " 10 
Crest of the purest white and most free from black, 20 

Deaf Ear, ----- 5 

Richest black plumage, - - - - 15 

Symmetry, - - - - - 20 

Condition and appearance, - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS in white crested black polish. 

Crooked backs, wry tails, white feathers in any part ex- 
cept the crest, legs of any other color than dark leaden 
blue or blue. 



56 THE AMERICAN 



Golden Spangled Polish. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Crest. Golden bay, laced with black ; in adults, white 
feathers may appear. 

Hackle and Saddle. Golden bay, the end of each 
feather laced with black. 

Breast. Clear golden bay, free from mossing, each 
feather ending with a round, rich, black spangle, the span- 
gle increasing in size in proportion to the size of the feather. 

Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Bow of Wing. Rich 
golden bay, spangled with black, the texture of the feather 
giving the spangle a rayed appearance. 

Bars. Greater and lesser wing coverts golden bay, 
each feather laced on the edge with black, and ending with 
a large black spangle, forming two distinct black bars across 
the wing. 

Primaries. Bay, ending with a black spot. 

Secondaries. Golden bay, with a distinct crescent- 
shaped green-black spot on the end of each feather. 

Thighs. Bay, spangled with black. 

Tail. Rich golden bay, each feather ending with a rich 
black spot. 

Sickle Feathers. Rich golden bay, ending with a 
rich black spangle. 

Tail Feathers. Rich golden bay, edged with rich 
black, and ending with a rich black spangle. 

Legs. Blue. 

COLOR OF HEN 

Crest. Golden bay, each feather laced with black ; in 
adults, white feathers may appear. 



STANfiAfc® OF EXCELLENCE. 57 

Neck. Golden bay, laced with black. 

Brkast, Underparts of Body, and Thighs. Clear 
golden bay, free from mossing, each feather ending with a 
distinct, round, rich, black spangle, the spangle increasing 
in size in proportion to the size of the feather. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Golden bay, each 
feather ending with a distinct, round, black spangle. 

Wing Bow. Golden bay, each feather ending with a 
crescent-shaped black spangle. 

"Wing Coverts. Golden bay, each feather edged or 
laced with black, and ending with a large black spangle, 
forming two distinct black bars across the wing. 

Primaries. Bay, each feather ending in a black spot. 

Secondaries. Golden bay, each feather ending with 
a crescent-shaped black mark. 

Tail. Bay, each feather ending with a large black 
spangle. 

Legs. Blue. 



Silver Spangled Polish. 

Color and marking the same as in Golden, substituting 
silvery white ground for golden bay. 

POINTS IN SPANGLED POLISH. 

Size of crest, - - - * - 20 
Shape of crest, - - - 20 
Color of crest, - - - - 5 
Plumage accurately marked according to the fore- 
going rules, - - - - 15 
Purity of ground color, ... 5 
Bars, - - - - - - 15 



58 THE AMERICAN 

Symmetry, - - - - - 10 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SILVER SPANGLED POLISH. 

Crooked backs, wry tails, legs of any other color than 

blue. 



SULTANS, 



THE COCK. 

Crest. Composed of hackle feathers, full, and arched 
over the eyes and round the head, full in center, and falling 
softly and evenly round at back, not straight and stiff as 
in Polish ; the front free from feathers falling forward, and 
neatly arched at both sides. 

Beak. Brilliant white, tinged with red at base, very 
curved, and with broad, cavernous nostrils. 

Comb. Invisible, or two small spikes, brilliantly red. 

Muffling. Thick and' close round the throat, meeting 
the crest, and crossing the face. 

Eye. Bright, vivacious, and intelligent. 

Wattles. Small and rather shriveled. 

Neck. Rather short, carried well back, very arched, 
and very thickly hafkled. 

Breast. Deep, full, round, and carried well forward. 

Body. Very square, deep, and carried low. 

Back. Straight, and rather broad. 

Wings. Ample, and carried down. 

Tail. Large, erect, and well sickled. 

Thighs. Very short, and well feathered. 



STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE. 59 

Legs. Very short, feathered to the toes, with full, long, 
vulture hocks. 

Toes. Straight, five in number. 

Color of Plumage. Brilliantly white throughout. 

Carriage. Rather low, brisk, and vivacious. 

THE HEN. 

Crest. Full, round, close, and globular. 

Eye. Bright and intelligent. 

Muffling. Thick and close round the throat, going 
well back, covering the face, and meeting the crest. 

Beak. Curved, clear, transparent white. 

Neck. Short, fully arched, very thickly feathered, and 
carried well back. 

Breast. Full, deep, and prominent. 

Back. Straight and broad. 

Body. Very square, and carried low and forward. 

Wings. Full, and carried low. 

Tail. Large, erect, and well expanded. 

Thighs. 'Very short, and well feathered. 

Legs. Very short, feathered to the toes, with full, large, 
vulture hocks. 

Toes. Five in number. 

Color of Plumage. Brilliantly white throughout. 

Carriage. Low, forward, brisk, and lively. 

POINTS IN SULTANS. 

Crest, - - - - - -25 

Muffling, ----- 25 

Shape, - - - - - 20 

Leg feathering, - - - - 20 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 



60 THE AMERICAN 



DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SULTANS. 

Any color but white in the plumage, crooked crest, large 
red face, or absence of muffling, deficiency of leg feather- 
ing, or absence of vulture hocks, beak any other color than 
white, deformity of any kind. 



BANTAMS, 



Game Bantams. 

GENERAL SHAPE AND COLOR. 

The same as in the corresponding variety of game fowls. 

POINTS IN GAME BANTAMS. 

Smallness of size, - - - -25 

Color, - .20 

Shape of head and neck, - - - 10 

Shape of body and wings, - - - 15 

Shape of tail, - - - - - 10 

Shape of thighs, legs, and toes, - - 10 

Condition, - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN GAME BANTAMS. 

Cocks above 24 ounces or hens above 20 ounces ; adultt 
cocks undubbed ; color of legs not uniform in the pen ; I 
birds not matching in the pen ; combs other than single. 



STANOAtR® OF EXCELLENCE. 61 



Sebright Bantams. 

GENERAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Comb. Double, square in front, fitting close and 
straight on the head, the top covered with small points, 
with a peak behind turning slightly upward. 

Head. Small, round in front, carried well back toward 
the tail. 

Beak. Short, slightly curved. 

Eye. Full. 

Wettles. Broad, rounded on the lower edge. 

Deaf-ear. Flat. 

Neck. Neat and taper, quite free from hackle feathers. 

Breast. Round, full, and carried prominently forward. 

Back. Very short, perfectly free from saddle feathers. 

Wings. Ample, the points carried very low, almost 
touching the ground. 

Tail. Square, similar to the hen, free from sickle or 
curved feathers, the feathers broadest toward the end. 

Tail Coverts. Straight, round at the end, and lying 
close to the sides of the tail. 

Thighs. Very short. 

Legs. Short, slender, and very taper. 

Plumage. Close, perfectly hen-feathered. 

Carriage. Very upright and strutting. 

THE HEN. 

Very similar to the cock. The comb and wattles much 
smaller and the head neater. 



62 THE AMERICAN 



COLOR OF GOLD LACED SEBRIGHTS. 

Head, Face, and Wattles. Rich red. 

Deaf-ear. White. 

Plumage. Rich golden yellow, every feather laced with 
rich black, that is, having a narrow, even, well-defined, 
rich black edge all round the feathers ; the two colors dis- 
tinct, and not shading into each other ; the lacing of the 
same width on the sides as on the ends of the feathers. 

Legs. Slaty blue. 
• 

COLOR OP SILVER LACED SEBRIGHTS. 

Similar to the Golden, substituting silvery white for the 
golden yellow ground color. 

POINTS IN SEBRIGHTS. 

Plumage most evenly and distinctly laced through- 
out, - - - - -25 
Purity of ground color in Silver and richness and 

clearness of ground color in Golden, - - 20 

Comb, - - - - - 10 

Tail, - - - - -5 

Smallness, - 20 

Symmetry, - - - - - 10 

Condition and general appearance, - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SEBRIGHT BANTAMS. 

Cocks weighing more than 24 ounces ; hens more than 
20 ounces ; cocks having either hackle, saddle, or sickle 
feathers ; legs of any other color than slaty blue ; combs 
other than rose. 



STAN® Aft® OF EXCELLENCE. 63 



AFRICAN BANTAMS. 
GENERAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Comb. Double, square in front, close and straight on 
the head, the top covered with a peak behind turning 
slightly upwards. 

Head. Small, round, and carried well back towards 
the tail. 

Beak. Short, slightly curved. 
Eye. Prominent. 

Deaf- ear. Flat and even on the surface. 
Wattles. Broad and thin, rounded on the lower edge. 
Neck. Very taper, curving well back, so as to bring 
the back of the head towards the tail ; hackle full and 
long, flowing well over the shoulders. 

Breast. Round, and carried prominently forward. 
Back. Very short, saddle feathers long. 
Wings. Ample, the points dropping so as nearly to 
i touch the ground ; the secondaries slightly expanded. 

Tail. Full, expanded, well adorned with long, curving 
! sickle feathers, carried well up towards the back of the 
1 head. 

Thighs. Short. 

Legs. Short, clean, and taper. 

Carriage. Very upright, proud, and strutting. 

THE HEN. 

Comb. Same shape as that of cock, but very much 
smaller. 

Head. Small, round, and neat. 



64 THE AMERICAN 

Beak. Small. 

Eye. Full and quick. 

Deaf-ear. Flat and even on the surface. 

Wattles. Small. 

Neck. Short and taper, carried well back. 

Breast. Round and prominent. 

Back. Short. 

Wings. Ample, points drooping. 

Tail. Full, expanded, carried rather upright. 

Thighs. Short. 

Legs. Short, clean, and taper. 

Carriage. Upright and strutting. 

COLOR OF AFRICAN BANTAMS. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Rich bright red. 
Beak. Dark horn color or black. 
Deaf-ear. Pure white, not cream. 
Plumage. Rich black throughout. 
Legs. Black, or very dark leaden blue. 

POINTS OF AFRICAN BANTAM. 

Smallness of size, - - _ -25 

Comb, - - - . - 15 

Deaf-ear, - - _ _ - 20 

Purity of color, - - - - 15 

Symmetry, • - _ . . 15 

Condition, - - _ _ - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN AFRICAN BANTAMS. 

Cocks more than 20 ounces, or hen more than 18 ; deaf-l 
ear other than white ; feathers on legs. 



STANOAfc® OF EXCELLENCE. 65 

White Bantams. 

Smallness of size same as Sebright. 

Comb. Rose, bright red. 

Deaf-ear. Red. 

Carriage. Very upright and strutting. 

Plumage. Pure white, as free from yellow tinge as 
possible. 

Legs. White, with a slight pink tinge on the back and 
betwixt the scales. 

POINTS IN WHITE BANTAMS. 



Purity of white, - 


- 20 


Smallness, -■-.-- 


25 


Carriage, - 


- 15 


Comb, 


20 


Deaf-ear, - 


- 10 


Condition and general appearance, - 


10 



100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS OF WHITE BANTAMS. 

Cocks more than 2*4 ounces, or hens more than 20 
ounces ; feathers on legs ; legs other than white or yellow, 
legs not matching in coop. 



CREVE COEURS. 

THE COCK. 

Crest. As in the Polish cock, but perfectly black; 
white feathers a defect, but not a disqualification. 
Head. As in the Polish cock. 



QQ THE AMERICAN 

Comb. Brilliant red, two-horned in shape, but free from 
tynes, slightly sprigged at base, of good size, showing well 
in front of crest. 

Eye. Full, bright, and very vivacious. 

Deaf Ears. Small and nearly concealed. 

Face. Red, well muffled. 

Wattles. Moderately pendulous and evenly rounded ; 
brilliant red. 

Muffling. Close and thick, running to back of eye in 
a handsome curve. 

Beak. Black, with horn-colored tip, strong and well 
curved, with highly arched broad nostrils, as in Polish. 

Neck. Moderate in length, thickly hackled, well arch- 
ed, and carried a little back. 

Breast. Broad and full, carried well forward. 

Back. Wide, perfectly straight, and free from deformity. 

Body. Long and square. 

Wings. Closely set and well clipped up. 

Tail. Full and ample, well sickled, and carried rather 
erect. 

Thighs. Rather short, well set in body. 

Legs. Black or slate ; the shorter the better ; rather 
fine in the bone ; free from feathers. 

Carriage. Upright, smart, vicacious, and watchful. 

Color. Brilliant black. Red or straw feathers in the 
hackle or saddle undesirable, but not a disqualification. 

THE HEN. 

Crest. Full and globular, as in the Polish blacks ; 
white feathers objectionable, but not a disqualification. 
Head, As in Polish. 
Eye. Full and bright. 



STAWDAGXD OF EXCELLENCE. 67 

Deaf Ears. Small, hidden by muffling. 

Muffling. Thick and full, extending well back to 
crest, and forming a thick beard under the beak. 

Wattles. Very small, and neatly rounded. 

Neck. Thick and arched. 

Breast. Full, plump, and carried well forward. 

Body. Square and carried low. 

Back. Straight and broad. 

Wings. Well clipped up. 

Tail. Large and well expanded. 

Thighs. Short, and well set into body. 

Legs. Short as possible, free from feathers, rather 
small in bone, slate or black in color. 

Carriage. Upright and vivacious. 

Color. Brilliant black ; a' brown tinge very undesir- 
able. 

POINTS IN CEEVE CCEURS. 

Size, - - - - - -25 

Comb, ' - - - - - 10 

Crest, - - - - - -20 

Color, - - - - - 20 

Shape and symmetry, - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN CRETE C<EUKS. 

Deformity of any kind ; colored feathers elsewhere than 
in crest, neck, or saddle ; feathered legs, and shanks of any 
other color than black or slate. 



68 THE AMERICAN 

HOUDANS. 

THE COCK. 

Crest. Composed of hackle feathers, fall and well 
arched, falling back, and right and left of comb, clear of 
the eye, rather than over it. 

Comb. Well developed, large, red, and branching, broad 
at base, well indented, looking like a mass of coral, with 
antler-like branches, inclining rather backward into the 
crest. 

Beak. Curved, with nostrils wide and cavernous, as in 
Polish ; dark horn color. 

Eye. Large, fall, bright, and lively ; color various. 

Wattles. Thin, rather long, neatly rounded, and 
bright red. 

Muffling or Beard. Full and thick under beak, and 
reaching well back in a curve to back of the eye. 

Face. Red, the less seen the better. 

Breast. Deep, full, and plump. 

Back. Wide and straight. 

Wings. Moderate, and carried well up. 

Tail. Moderate, erect, and well sickled. 

Thighs. The shorter the better. 

Legs. Fine in bone, lead color. 

Toes. Five in number, the fifth curved upwards at back. 

Color. Broken black and white, as evenly broken as 
possible, free from colored feathers, which, however, though 
highly objectionable, are not a disqualification. 

Carriage. Lively, brisk, well set up, and spirited. 

THE HEN. 

Crest. Large, compact, and even, as in Polish. 



STAMOAfRO OF EXCELLENCE. 69 

Comb. Small, branching, and coral-like. 

Eye. Full and bright. 

Wattles. Small, red, and neatly rounded. 

Muffling. Full, forming a thick beard reaching back 
to the eye. 

Neck. Rather short, full feathered, and arched. 

Breast. Full and deep. 

Back. Wide and straight. 

Wings. Moderate, and carried closely to body. 

Tail. Moderate and fan-like, carried well up. 

Thighs. Short. 

Legs. Fine in bone, white or shaded in color. 

Toes. Five in number, the hind or fifth claw curved 
upward. 

Color. As in cock. 

Carriage. Brisk and rather upright 

POINTS IN HOUDANS. 

Size, • - - - - -25 

Crest, ----- 15 

Breast, - - - - - - 10 

Comb, - - - - 10 

Plumage, - - - - - 15 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 10 



100 



DISQUALIFICATIONS IN HOUDANS. 



Absence of crest. Deformity of any kind. Main color 
or ground color other than black and white. Color not 
matching in pen, red feathers in any part of the plumage. 



70 THE AMERICAN 

LA FLECHE. 

THE COCK. 

Beak. Black, strong, and curved ; nostrils wide and 
cavernous, as in Polish, with small spot or knob of bright 
red flesh at junction of nostril with beak. 

Comb. Branching and antler-like, like two horns point- 
eel straight up ; brilliant red. 

Ear-lobes. Large, and as white at possible. 

Head. Long. 

Eye. Bright, large and watchful. 

Face. Red and rather bare. 

Wattles. Red, long, and pendulous, well rounded. 

Neck. Long, rather curved, and upright ; hackle thick, 
but rather short. 

Back. Very long and broad, slanting towards the tail. 

Wings. Long and well clipped in. 

Breast. Broad and rather full. 

Tail. Rather small and carried low. 

Thighs. Strong, long, and well set into body. 

Legs, Long, strong, and black or slate in color. 

Toes. Four. 

Plumage. Close and hard ; brilliant metallic black. 

Carriage. Very upright, dignified, and watchful. 

THE HEN. 

Beak. Black, strong, and curved; nostrils arched, 
broad and cavernous. 

Comb. Double spiked and branching, standing well up, 
or the branches inclining a little forward ; small. 

Head. Long. 



STAJsl0A<M) OF EXCELLENCE. 71 

Eye. Bright and watchful. 
Face. Red and rather bare. 
Deaf Ear. Small and white. ' 
Wattles. Red, small, and neatly rounded. 
Neck. Long and straight. 
Back. Broad and tapering towards the tail. 
Body. Wide and deep. 
Breast. Very broad. 
Wings. Large and well clipped in. 
Tail. Small in proportion, but well expanded, and car- 
ried upright. 

Thighs. Long, and well set into body. 
Legs. Long, well boned, black or slaty in color. 
Plumage. Brilliant metallic black, close and hard. 
Carriage. Upright, dignified, and watchful. 

POINTS IN LA FLECHE. 

Size, - - - - - - 35 

Comb, ----- 20 

Shape, - - - - - ^25 

Condition, - - - - 10 

Deaf Ear, - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN LA FLECHE. 

Plumage any color but black ; presence of crest ; feath- 
ered legs ; deformity of any kind ; legs any color but black 
or dark. 

4+ 

DOMINIQUE. 

GENERAL SHAPE AND COLOR. 
Comb. Rose, large bright red, similar to Hamburgh. 



72 THE AMERICAN 

Wattles. Red, well rounded, medium length. 

Beak. Yellow. 

Legs. Yellow. 

Deaf Ear. Red. 

Plumage. Steel blue, mottled black and white. 

POINTS IN DOMINIQUES. 

Size, 25 

Comb, - ... 20 

Plumage, - - - - - 25 

Symmetry, - - - - - 20 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN DOMINIQUE. 

Legs other than yellow, comb other than rose ; splashes 
of white in breast or back ; fowls not matching in pen. 



GAME. 
GENERAL SHAPE. 

THE COCK. 

Beak. Strong, curved, very stout at the base. 

Comb. In a chicken that has not been dubbed, single, 
small, and thin, low in front, serrated, erect, and straight ; 
in older birds, neatly dubbed, smooth, and free from warty 
appearances, small feathers or ridges on the edges. 

Head. Long, thin, and taper, very strong at the junc- 
tion with the neck. 

Eyes. Large, bright, and prominent, perfectly alike 
in color, with a quick, fearless expression. 



STAN<bA(k<b OF EXCELLENCE. 73 

Face and Throat. Lean and thin. 

Neck. Rather long, and neatly arched ; hackle short, 
and very close. 

Back. Rather short, flat, broad across the shoulders 
and narrowing to the tail. 

Breast. Broad, round, and full. 

Stern. Slender and very neat, saddle feathers very 
short and close. 

Wings. Strong, long, and very powerful ; the butts 
and shoulder parts slightly raised, as if for a sudden spring ; 
the remainder of the wings not drooping, but carried neatly 
and compactly to the sides, passing over the upper part of 
the thighs, the point resting under the saddle feathers. 

Tail. Rather long, the feathers very round, and not 
too broad, carried well together, and not spread out, scat- 
tered, or loose. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Perfectly 
round, narrow, hard, and wiry ; not hanging loosely, well 
carried and .neatly curved, the whole tail going backward, 
and not upright over the back, or squirrel-tailed. 

Thighs. Round, stout, hard, and firm ; rather short in 
proportion to the shank, placed well up toward the should- 
ers, and covered with very close, short feathers, so as to 
have a velvety appearance. 

Legs. Rather long, strong, bony, clean ; standing well 
and evenly apart ; the spurs set on low ; the scales close 
and smooth. 

Feet. Broad, flat, and thin ; toes long, spreading, and 
straight, well furnished with strong nails, with the hind 
toe set low on the foot, standing well backward and flat on 
the ground, not merely touching with the point of the toe, 
or duck-footed. A 



74 THE AMERICAN 

Plumage. Close, sleek, and glossy; body feathers 
short, hard, and firm ; quills very strong. 

Body in Hand. Very muscular and firm, not soft or 
hollow on the sides, perfectly straight in the breast and 
back, and quite even in the hip bones. 

Carriage. Upright, active, and quick. 

THE HEN. 

Beak. Long, slightly curved, sharp at the point and 
stout at the base. 

Comb. Single, small, and thin, low in front, evenly 
serrated, perfectly erect and straight. 

Head. Long, slender, very neat and taper. 

Eyes. Bright, large, and prominent, perfectly alike in 
color, with a quick and fiery expression. 

Face. Lean and thin. 

Deaf-ear. Very small and close to the face. 

Wattles. Small, thin, and neatly rounded on the edge. 

Throat. Neat, the feathers very short and close. 

Neck. Long, feathers very short, giving the neck a 
slender and very graceful appearance. 

Back. Moderate in length, perfectly flat and broad 
across the shoulders, and narrowing to the tail. 

Wings. Long and powerful, the butts and shoulders 
carried rather high, so as to cause a perfectly flat back ; 
the points not drooping, but carried compactly to the sides. 

Tail. Moderate in length, not carried over the back 
but extending backwards; the feathers not scattered or 
spread out, but held neatly together. 

Breast. Broad, round, and prominent. 

Thighs. Stout, round and neat; the feathers short, 
and very close. 



• STAJf<bA<R<b OF EXCELLENCE. 75 

Legs. Long, very bony, clear and taper ; the scales 
narrow, smooth, close, and neat. 

Feet. Broad, flat, and thin ; toes spreading, long and 
straight, well furnished with strong nails ; the hind toe set 
low on the foot, standing well backwards, and not duck- 
footed. 

Plumage. Very close, sleek, and glossy ; body feath- 
ers short, hard, and firm ; quills strong. 

Carriage. Rather upright, very neat, quick, and ac- 
tive. 



Earl of Derby Game. 

Head. Should be fine, tapering from the beak back- 
ward. 

Beak. Should be strong and thick where it joins the 
I head. 

Eyes. Bay or daw. 

Neck. Long, somewhat curved. 

Breast. Broad. 

Body. Taper to the back part, and strong across the 
I loins. 

Thighs. Strong and short. 

Legs. Long and white, set well apart. 

Wings. Long, almost covering the thighs. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN THE EAEL OP DERBY GAME. 

Thighs too long, shanks too short, wings too much tucked 
lup, crooked breast or back, fowls not matching in pen, legs 
other than white, combs other than single. 



76 THE AMERICAN 



Black Breasted Red Game. 

COLOR OP COCK. 

Head. Very rich dark red. 

Comb, Face, and Jaws. Very bright red. 

Eyes. Bright, clear, either red or black. 

Neck Hackle. Rich red, free from black or dark< 
stripes. 

Back, Shoulder, and Shoulder Coverts. Rich!) 
dark red. 

Wing Butts. Black. 

Wing- Bow. Rich dark red, perfectly free from blackk 
feathers. 

Wing Greater and Lesser Coverts. Metallic greenn 
black, forming a wide bar across the wing, perfectly even.], 
well defined, and not irregular on the edges. 

Wing Primaries. Bay on the outside web, black on 
the inside. 

Wing Secondaries. Rich, clear, bright bay on thei 
outside web, black on the inside web, with a rich metallic 
green black spot on the end of the feather. 

Saddle. Rich red. 

Tail. Rich black. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Very ricll 
metallic green black. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Ricli 
black, perfectly free from any admixture of red or other 
color. 

Legs. Either yellow, white, olive, blue. The colon 
preferred in the order in which they are named. 






STAN<tiA<M) OF EXCELLENCE. 11 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Head. Brown. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Very bright 
red. 

Neck. Light yellowish brown, stripe^ with black. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Brown. 

Wing Bow, Shoulder, and Coverts. Same color 
as back, perfectly free* from red. 

Wing Primaries, and Secondaries. Brown. 

Tail. Dark brown, approaching black. 

Breast. Deep salmon, shading off to ashy brown to- 
wards the thighs. 

Thighs. Ashy brown. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



Brown Red Game. 

COLOR OP COCK. 

Head. Very dark red. 

Comb, Face, and Jaws. Bright red or dark purple 
(gipsy-faced). 

Eyes. Dark brown or black. 

Neck Hackle. Dark red, shaft of feathers black. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Dark crimson red. 

Saddle. Dark red, shaft of feathers black. 

Wing Butts. Black or very dark dusky brown. 

Wing Shoulder and Bow. Dark crimson red. 

Wing Coverts. Rich glossy black. 

Wing Primaries. Dusky black. 

Wing Secondaries. Black with a metallic lustre to- 
awrds the end of the feathers. 



78 THE AMERICAN 

Tail. Black. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Rich glossy- 
black. 

Breast. Reddish brown, streaked with black, shaft of 
feathers black, the ground color becoming darker as it ap- 
proaches the lower part and thighs. 

Thighs. Dusky black. 

Legs. Dark willow, olive blue. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Head. Dark dusky brown, approaching a dusky black. 

Comb, Face, Deaf-ear, and Wattles. Bright red 
or dark purple. 

Eyes. Very dark brown or black. 

Neck. Coppery yellow, striped with black. 

Remainder of the Plumage. Very dark brown, ap- 
proaching to black. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



Ginger Red Game. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Head. Red. 

Face and Jaws. Reddish purple. 
Eyes. Brown. 

Neck Hackle. Rich clear red. 
Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Bow of the Wings. 
Rich red. 

Wing. Primaries and secondaries brownish red. 
Saddle. Rich clear red. 



STANVAtR® OF EXCELLENCE. 79 

Tail. Black. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Rich black, 
the lesser coverts edged with red. 

Breast. Ginger red, becoming darker as it approaches 
the thighs. 

Thighs. Dusky red. 

Legs. Yellow, dark willow, olive, blue. 

COLOR OF HEN. * 

Head. Yellowish brown. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Purple. 

Eyes. Brown, perfectly alike in color. 

Neck. Golden yellow, striped with black. 

Breast. Higher part towards the throat yellowish 
brown ; shaft and a narrow margin of the feathers a much 
lighter shade. Lower part and sides dark dusky brown, 
with a narrow margin of the feathers of a golden ginger 
shade. 

Legs. Same color as those of the cock. 



Yellow Duck-Wing Game. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Head. Straw-colored yellow. 

Comb, Face, and Jaws. Bright red. 

Neck Hackle. Clear straw color, free from black. 

Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Bow of the Wing. 
Rich uniform bright copper or maroon ; the more even, 
clear, and unmixed in color the better. 

Wing Butts. Black. 
" Greater and Lesser Coverts. Steel blue or 
metallic black, forming a wide bar across the wing. 



80 THE AMERICAN 

Wing Primaries. Straw white on the outside web, 
dark on the inside web. 

Wing Secondaries. White on the outside web, back 
on the inside and on the ends of the feathers. 

Saddle. Clear straw color. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Rich 
black. 

Tail. Black. . 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Rich metallic 
green-black. 

Legs. Yellow, willow, olive. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Head. Grey. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Neck. White, striped with black. 

Breast. Salmon red, shading off to ashy grey towards 
the thighs. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Bluish or slaty grey ; 
shaft of feathers white. 

Wing, Shoulder, and Bow. Slaty or bluish grey ; 
shaft of feathers white. Red or brown on the wing very 
objectionable. 

Wing Coverts and Flight. Slaty or bluish grey. 

Tail. Dark grey, the inside approaching black. 

Thighs. Ashy grey. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



Silver Duck- Wing Game. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Head. Silvery white. 

Comb, Face, and Jaws. Bright red. 



ST AN® Am OF EXCELLENCE. 81 

Neck Hackle. Clear white, without any mixture of 
black or other color. 

Breast, Underpart of Body, and Thighs. Black. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Silvery white. 

Saddle. Clear white. 

Wing Butts. Black. 
" Bow. Silvery white. 

" Coverts. Steel blue, forming a wide bar across 
the wing. 

Wing Primaries. White on the outside web, dark on 
the inside web. 

Wing Secondaries. Clear white on the outside web, 
black on the inside web and on the ends of the feathers. 

Tail. Black. 

Sickle Feathers and Tail Coverts. Metallic green- 
black, the lesser tail ^coverts slightly edged with white. 

Legs. Willow, yellow, olive, bronze, blue. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Head. Silvery grey. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Neck. Silver, striped with black. 

Breast. Salmon. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Silvery or ashy grey, 
shaft of feather white. 

Wing Bow. Ashy grey, shaft of feather white ; red or 
brown on the wing very objectionable. 

Wing Bow, Flight, and Coverts. Grey. 

Tail. Dark grey, approaching black. 

Thighs. Ashy grey. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



82 THE AMERICAN 

Birchen Yellow Game. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Head. Dark straw color. 

Face and Wattles. Either red or purple. 

Neck Hackle. Deep straw color, striped with reddish 
brown. 

Breast. Reddish brown, shaft and narrow margin of 
the feathers cream color. 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Rich coppery straw, 
marked with reddish brown. 

Saddle. Deep straw, striped with reddish brown. 

Wing Butts. Dull black. 

" Bow. Rich, dark, coppery straw, slightly marked 
with reddish brown. 

Wing Coverts. Cream color, mottled with reddish 
brown and tipped with chocolate. 

Wing- Flight. Reddish brown. 

Tail. Black. 

Sickles. Bronzy black. 

Tail Coverts. Bronzy black, the lesser with a nar- 
row margin of cream color. 

Legs. Yellow, willow, olive, bronzy black. 

COLOK OF HEN. 

Head. Dark grey. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Either red 
or purple. 

Neck. Grey, striped with dull black. 

Breast. Greyish brown, shaft and margin of feather 
creamy white. 



ST AN® Afc® OF EXCELLENCE. 83 

Back and Shoulder Coverts. Greyish brown, shaft 
of feather dull, creamy white. 

Wino Bow. Greyish brown, shaft of feather dull, 
creamy white. 

Wing Coverts. Greyish brown. 
" Flights. Dark grey. 

Tail. Dark greyish brown. 

Thighs. Greyish brown. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



Red Pile Game. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Head. Deep chestnut red. 

Comb, &c. Rich bright red. 

Neck Hackle and Saddle. Light chestnut red on 
the outside of the web of the feather ; the middle of each 
feather white toward the end. 

Breast. Higher part marbled red and white, lower 
part white or entirely white. 

Back, Shoulder Coverts, and Bow of the Wings. 
Rich uniform red. 

Greater and Lesser Wing Coverts. White, edged 
with red. 

Wing Primaries. White. 

" Secondaries. White on the outside web, red 
on the inside web, with a rich red spot on the end of the 
feather. 

Thigh and Large Feathers of Tail. White. Tail 
coverts may be a bluish black or red. 

Legs. Yellow, white, or willow. 



84 THE AMERICAN 



COLOR OP HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Neck. Chestnut and white. 

Breast. Chestnut red on the front part, mottled with 
white on the lower part. 

Thighs and T ail. White. 

Remainder of the Plumage. White, mottled with 
light chestnut red. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



White Pile Game. 

COLOR OF COCK. 

Face. Deep red. 

Comb. Rich bright red. 

Neck Hackle and Saddle. Mainly white, and with 
but faint pencilings of color. 

Breast. White. 

Wing Coverts. A rich bright red, or orange and port 
wine color combined. 

Thighs and Tail. Pure white. 

Legs. Yellow or white colors preferred, in order as 
n&med. 

COLOR OF HEN. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Bright red. 

Neck. White. 

Breast. Chestnut color, distinctly denned. 

Thighs and Tail. Pure white. 

Remainder of Plumage. White. 

Legs. To match those of the cock. 



$TAM<DA<R<b OF EXCELLENCE. 85 



DISQUALIFICATIONS IN WHITE PILE GAMES. 

Color of legs not matching in pen ; . crooked backs or 
breasts. Adult cocks not dubbed. Combs other than sin- 
gle ; fowls with tasselings or muffs. 



White Georgian Game. 

Comb, Face, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Very bright 
red. 

The whole of the plumage clear white. The cock's 
plumage as free from yellow tinge as possible. 

Legs. Yellow. 



Spangle Games. 

Comb, Faoe, Deaf Ear, and Wattles. Deep bright 
red. 

Color of Plumage. Uniform in markings. 

Combination of Colors. Spangles may be black and 
white, red and white, blue and white, blue, black, and white, 
buff and white, or buff, black, and white. 

Legs. Yellow, willow, or bronzy black ; the colors pre- 
ferred in order named. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN SPANGLE GAMES. 

Color of plumage not matching in pen, color of legs not 
matching in pen ; crooked backs or breasts ; adult cocks 
not dubbed; combs other than single; fowls with head 
tasselings or muffs. 



Dominique Games. 
Comb, Face, and Wattles. Bright red. 



86 THE AMERICAN 

Plumage. Steel blue, mottled black and white. 
Tail in Cock. Long and well curved. 
Hackle and Saddle Feathers in Cocks. Finely 
fringed with golden shadings. 
Legs. Yellow. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN DOMINIQUE GAMES. 

Color of Legs not matching in pen, plumage not match- 
ing in pen ; crooked backs or breasts ; combs other than 
single ; fowls tassel-headed or muffed. 



Black Game. 

Comb, Face, and Wattles. Eich bright red. 
Beak. Dark, or black. 
Deaf Ear. Red. 
Plumage. Rich black throughout. 
Tail, Sickle Feathers, and Tail Coverts. Metal- 
lic green-black. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN BLACK GAME. 

White or red feathers in any portion of plumage. 
Combs other than single. Crooked breasts or back ; adult 
cocks not dubbed. 

POINTS IN GAMES. 

Shape of head and neck, - - - 15 

Body and wings, - - - - 10 

Tail, 15 

Thighs, legs, and toes, - 15 

Color of plumage, - - - 15 

Symmetry, - - -' " - 15 

Condition, handling, and hardiness of plumage, - 15 

100 



STAN®A<R(Z> OF EXCELLENCE. 87 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN GAMES. 

Color of legs or plumage not matching m the pen; 
crooked backs or breasts ; adult cocks not dubbed ; combs 
other than single ; tasseled or muffed-headed. 



TURKEYS. 



Head and Face. Very bright and rich in color. 

Eyes. Bright and clear. 

Body. Long and deep. 

Wings. Powerful, and well carried. 

Breast. Broad, very long, and perfectly straight. 

Thighs. Muscular, straight, and strong. 

Legs. Very strong and perfectly straight. 

Plumage. Sound, hard, and glossy. 

Color. Rich ; the birds matching in the pen. 

POINTS IN TURKEYS. 

Size, 35 

Symmetry, - - - - - 20 

Richness of color and matching in the pen, - 30 

Condition, - - - - - 15 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN TURKEYS. 

Crooked breasts, backs or legs, or deformity in any part. 
Legs not matching in pen. 



88 THE AMERICAN 

Bronze Turkeys. 

THE COCK. 

Face, Ear-lobes Wattles, and Jaws. Rich red, in 
adult birds the wattles are carunculated and sometimes 
edged with white. 

Head. Long and broad. 

Bill. Curved, strong and well set in the head, light 
horn color at tip, dark at base. 

Neck, Breast and Back. Black, beautifully shaded 
with bronze, which glistens like gold in the sunlight ; each 
feather ending in a narrow glossy black band extending 
entirely across the feather. 

Underpart of Body and Thighs. Black, similarly 
marked to the breast, but colors not so decided or rich. 

Wing Bow. Black, with a brilliant greenish orange or 
bronze lustre. 

Wing Primaries. Black, barred across with white or 
grey, the more even and regular the better, with a narrow 
edging of white on the outside web. 

Wing Secondaries. Quills black, outside web grey, 
narrowly edged with white ; inside web dark brown, mossed 
or shaded with grey. The whole of the flight feathers may 
be edged with white, but is rather objectionable. 

Wing Coverts. Rich beautiful bronze, the feather 
terminating in a wide black band, the wing when folded 
having a broad bronze band across it, divided from the 
flight feathers by a glossy black ribbon-like mark formed 
by the ends of the coverts. 

Tail. Black, each feather penciled irregularly, with 
narrow bands of brown, and ending in a broad greyish 
bronze band. 



ST AN® Aft® OF EXCELLENCE. 89 

Tail Coverts. Dull grey, where overlapped, shading 
into a brilliant metallic blue black, and ending in a wide 
brown band extending entirely across the end of the 
feather ; the black part being crossed by two or more very 
narrow pencilings of brown, and a distinct narrow pencil- 
ing of glossy jet black between the blue and brown end. 
The more distinct the colors throughout the whole plumage 
the better. 

Fluff. Abundant and soft, but well covered by hard 
body feathers. 

Lecs. Long and strong ; color dark, nearly black. 

THE HEN. 

The entire plumage nearly similar to the cock, save that 
the colors are not so bright nor distinct, and the edging of 
the feathers is more frequently white than black. On the 
back the edging is very harrow between the wings, and in- 
creases in width toward the tail, being about three-eighths 
of an inch on the coverts. On the breast the body of the 
feather is brown, ending with a narrow edging of white, 
divided from the brown by a narrow, glossy black band. 

POINTS IN BRONZE TURKEYS. 

Size, - - - - . _ 35 

Richness and perfectness of plumage, - 30 

Symmetry, - - . . .15 

Legs, - - . . - 10 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN BRONZE TURKEYS. 

White feathers in any part of the plumage of the cock 
except the wings ; crooked breasts, deformity of any kind ; 



90 THE AMERICAN 

adult cocks, weighing less than 30 pound , and hens less 
than 18 pounds. 



DUCES. 
AYLESBURY. 



GENERAL SHAPE AND COLOR. 

Bill. Long and broad ; when viewed sideways, nearly 
straight from the top of the head to the tip of the bill ; of 
a delicate pale flesh color or yellow admissible, perfectly 
free from black or dark marks. 

Head. Long and fine. 

Neck. Long, slender, and gracefully curved. 

Body. Long and deep. 

Back. Long and broad. 

Wings. Sirong, carried well up, and not drooping 

Tail. Feathers stiff and hard, with hard curled feath- 
ers in the drake. 

Thighs. Short. 

Legs. Short and strong ; bright light orange color. 

Plumage. Pure white throughout. 

POINTS IN AYLESBURY DUCKS. 

Size, 30 

Purity of color and shape of bill, 20 

Purity of color in plumage, - - - 20 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - - - - 15 

• 

100 



STAN<DA<R<D OF EXCELLENCE. 91 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN AYLESBURY DUCKS. 

Birds so fat as to be down behind, or marked with black, 
plumage of any color except white. 



Rouen Ducks. 

GENERAL SHAPE AND COLOR. 
THE DRAKE. 

Bill. Long, broad, and rather wider at the top than 
base ; when viewed side ways, nearly straight from the 
crown of the head to the tip of the bill ; the longer the 
better. Color, greenish yellow, without any other color, 
except the black bean at the tip. 

Head. Long and fine, rich lustrous green. 

Eye. Dark hazel. 

Neck. Long, slender, and neatly curved, color, the 
same lustrous green as the head, with a distinct white ring 
on the lower part not quite meeting at the back. 

Breast. Broad and deep ; the front part very rich pur- 
plish brown, or claret color, free from grey feathers ; the 
claret color extending as far as possible towards the legs. 

Back. Long ; higher part ashy grey, mixed with green, 
becoming a rich lustrous green on the lower part and rump. 

Shoulder Coverts. Grey, finely streaked with wav- 
ing brown lines. 

Wings. Greyish brown, mixed with green, with a 
broad ribbon mark of rich purple, with metallic reflections 
of blue and green, and edged with white ; the two colors 
quite distinct. 

Flight Feathers. Dark, dusky brown, quite free 



92 THE AMERICAN 

from white ; under part of body and sides, beautiful grey, 
becoming lighter grey near the vent, and ending in solid 
black under the tail. 

Tail. Feathers hard and stiff, dark ashy brown ; the 
outer web in old birds edged with white. 

Tail Coverts. Curled feathers, hard and well curled ; 
black, with very rich purple reflections. 

Legs and Feet. Orange, with a tinge of brown. 

THE DUCK. 

Bill. Broad, long, and somewhat flat; brownish or- 
ange, with a dark blotch on the upper part. 

Head. Long and fine ; deep brown, with two light 
pale brown stripes on each side from the bill past the eye. 

Neck. Long, slender and neatly curved ; light brown, 
penciled with darker brown, and quite free from the least 
appearance of a white ring. 

Breast. Under part of body and sides, greyish brown ; 
each feather marked distinctly with a rich dark brown pen- 
ciling. 

Back. Long ; light brown, richly marked with green. 

Wings. Greyish brown mixed with green, with a 
broad riband mark of rich purple, edged with white, the 
two colors distinct. 

Flight Feathers. Brown, perfectly free from white. 

Tail Coverts. Brown, beautifully penciled with 
broad distinct penciling of dark greenish brown. 

Tail. Light brown, with distinct broad wavy penciling 
of dark greenish brown. 

Legs. Orange, or brown and orange. 



STAJf<DA<R<l> OF EXCELLENCE. 93 



POINTS IN ROUEN DUCKS. 

Size, - - . - - - 30 

Shape and color of bill, 20 

Color of plumage, - - - - 20 

Symmetry, - - - - - 15 

Condition, - - r - - 15 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN ROUEN DUCKS. 

Bills clear yellow, dark green, blue or lead color ; any 
white in the flight feathers of either sex ; birds so fat as to 
be down behind. 



Cayuga Ducks. 

GENERAL SHAPE. 

Head. Small, neat and slender. 

Bill. , Broad, rather short, and dark in color. 

Neck. Medium. 

Breast. Broad, full and prominent. 

Body. Long and round, very full and plump. 

Wings. Long and carried well up. 

Legs. Medium length, and black or dark slaty color. 

Plumage. Of drake glossy black throughout, the head 
and neck a brilliant greenish hue ; also the wing coverts, but 
not so decided in color. The primaries of the duck being 
sometimes a dark brown, all the rest jet black. A few 
plashes of white in the breast of the duck objectionable, 
but not a disqualification. 



94 THE AMERICAN 



POINTS IN CAYUGA DUCKS. 

Size, - - - - - - 30 

Plumage, - - - - 25 

Legs, - - - - - - 15 

Symmetry, • - - - 20 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN CATUGA DUCKS. 

White or colored feathers in the drake or in any part of 
the duck save the breast. Legs of any other color than 
black or dark brown. Deformity of any kind. 



Black East Indian Ducks. 

GENERAL SHAPE AND COLOR. 

Shape. The entire form remarkably slender, neat, and 
graceful. 

Size. The smaller the better. 

Plumage. Rich lustrous black, with a brilliant velvety 
green tint throughout ; perfectly free from white or brown 
feathers on any part whatever. 

Bill of Drake. Very dark yellowish green, without 
spot or blemish. 

Bill op Duck. Very dark. 

Legs. Dark. 

POINTS IN BLACK EAST INDIAN DUCKS. 

Smallness of size, - - - - 25 
Richness of plumage, - - - 25 

Bill, 15 



STAMfiAfcQ OF EXCELLENCE. 95 

Symmetry, neatness, and elegance of form, - 20 

Condition, - - - • - -15 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN BLACK EAST INDIAN DUCKS. 

White in any part of the plumage. 



Call Ducks. 

Shape. The entire form very short, round, and com- 
pact, with very full, round, high forehead, and short broad 
bill. 

Size. The smaller the better. 

Color. In the grey variety bill, legs, plumage the same 
as in the Rouen. In the White variety, bill, bright, clear, 
unspotted yellow ; plumage, pure white. 

Legs. Bright orange. 

POINTS IN CALL DUCKS. 

Smallness of size, - - - - 35 

Color of Plumage, 20 

Bill and top of the forehead, - - - 15 

Symmetry and compactness of shape, - 20 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 

DISQUALIFICATIONS IN CALL DUCKS. 

In Grey Call Ducks, white ring on the neck of the 
Duck ; white flight feathers in either sex. 

Disqualifications in White Call Ducks : colored feathers 
in any part of the plumage ; bills of any color except yel- 
low. 



90 STAMCbARQ OF EXCELLENCE. 

White Crested Ducks. 

Size, "•- - - - -25 

Color, - - - - • - 15 

Bill, yellow, 7 - - - - - 20 

Size of crest, - - - SO 

Condition, - - - - - 10 

100 



GEESE. 

Toulouse. 

Carriage. Tall and erect ; bodies nearly touching the 
ground. 

Color. Breast and body, light grey ; back, dark grey ; 
neck, darker grey than back ; wings and belly, shading off 
to white, though but little white visible. 

Bill. Pale flesh color. 

Legs and Feet. Deep orange, inclined to red. 



Embden. 






Plumage. Uniformly pure white. 






Bill. Flesh color. 






Legs and Feet. Orange. 






POINTS IN GEESE. 






Size and weight, 


- 


- 40 


Plumage, - 


- 


15 


Color, - 


- 


- 15 


Symmetry, - 


- 


20 


Condition, - 


- 


- 10 



100 



